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TTC VIDEO - long 19th century: The history of Europe from 1789 to 1917
Duration: 36 lectures of 30 minutes + introduction | Year: 2008 | Quality: DVDRip | Format: AVI | Video codec: XviD | Audio codec: MP3 | Video: the XviD, 640h432, 3: 2, 539 kbps, 23,976 fps | Audio: MP3, 128 kbps, 48,0 kHz, 2 ch | Language: English | 5.28 GB
Genre: History​

History at its most interesting is complex, a fascinating whirl of events, personalities, and forces, and few periods of history offer us such captivating complexity as Europe's 19th "century" -the often-broadly defined period from the French Revolution to World War I that formed the foundation of the modern world.
How was that foundation built? And what did that transition to modernity mean for peasants, workers, the middle class, aristocrats, women, and minorities?

Why did an era that began with the idealism of the French Revolution and the power of the Industrial Revolution culminate in the chaos of World War I, considered by most historians to be the greatest tragedy of modern European history? Did nationalism and imperialism inevitably lead in such a direction, or were there other factors involved?

Even these questions, as important as they are, can only hint at the complexity of this period, just as this course can really only put us on a path toward the answers.

Understand a Turbulent Era

Dr. Robert I. Weiner assumes no prior knowledge of this era and no professional vocabulary, "just interest, curiosity, and hopefully, passion."

Disclaimers notwithstanding, these lectures indeed offer the opportunity for anyone with an interest in history to take an enormous stride toward understanding the whys of this turbulent and important era, and not just the whats.

Professor Weiner, a five-time recipient of Lafayette's Student Government Superior Teaching Award during his 35 years of teaching history at Lafayette College, leads you on a spirited journey across an ever-changing European landscape, examining the forces and personalities that reshaped the continent's physical borders, diplomatic relationships, and balance of power.

He moves from the impact of both the French and Industrial Revolutions in the period from 1789-1848, into the so-called "unifications" of Italy and Germany in the 1850s and 1860s, followed by the spread of industrialism and nationalism into the furthest reaches of Europe toward the end of the century.

By that time, the world had undergone profound changes:

In Europe, the dominance of Great Britain and France had been eclipsed by a rapidly modernizing Germany.
Austria-Hungary was struggling to survive as a multinational empire.
Russia was facing stresses of inadequate modernization as other nations moved ahead.
The United States and Japan were beginning to enter into an emerging balance of world power.
Almost all of Africa and much of Asia had been gobbled up in a final spasm of imperialist expansions.

Moreover, the European great powers, organized in alliances and enmeshed in an arms race, were confronting increasingly dangerous international crises.

While more people in Europe were living better than ever before, Europe had become a very dangerous place-soon to erupt in a war more brutal than any the world had ever seen.

Enjoy an Ambitious Look at a Much-Pondered Subject

In exploring the evolution of the environment that ultimately made World War I possible, Professor Weiner has crafted a very ambitious course, covering a vast range of material. He repeatedly steps back from "on-the-ground" events to clarify historical trends or patterns.

For example, he concentrates on political and diplomatic moves of the great powers-Great Britain, France, Germany, Austria-Hungary, Russia, and Italy-while always discussing them in the context of the deeper economic, social, and cultural forces at work . He does not merely offer you a chess position from which the next move is made; he lets you know how and why the various pieces have come to be arrayed the way they are, and how they reflect the impact of some of history's most significant names:

Napoleon Bonaparte, whose massive legacy, though uneven, includes spreading the ideas of the French Revolution, such as freedom of religion and equality before the law, everywhere his soldiers marched
Napoleon III, whose mixed reviews include one historian's recognition that he was "unique among dictators in ending his career with a government that provided his country with more freedom than the government he started with"
Klemens von Metternich, the shrewd Austrian foreign minister who spoke for conservative, monarchical Europe during the last three decades of the Age of Revolution
Otto von Bismarck, the German chancellor who was architect of both Germany's unification and a system of alliances that ultimately led to her downfall
Kaiser Wilhelm II, the brash young kaiser with a "special knack" for political and diplomatic gaffes
Alfred Dreyfus, the Jewish French Army captain unjustly accused of espionage and whose ordeal inspired modern Zionism
Karl Marx, the German intellectual whose ideas about a radical new philosophy found fertile ground on a continent where industrial modernization was creating new disruptions and resentments
Count Camillo di Cavour, the brilliant Prime Minister of Piedmont-Sardinia whose tragic early death left imperfect the unified Italy he helped to create
William Gladstone, the moralist humanitarian and Prime Minister who helped democratize Great Britain.

An Unflinching Look at Some of History's Major Players

These historical figures join with many others in a presentation that is unfailingly interesting and provocative, with Professor Weiner often quite frank, although fair, in his assessment of individuals and their decisions. This course can easily be divided into four major teaching segments.

After a short orientation to the Ancien Regime which offers a basis of comparison to the dramatically different world that was to come, Dr. Weiner's organizational plan begins with the period from 1789 to 1848 that has come to be known as the Age of Revolution.

Professor Weiner's second major section covers the period from the repression of the 1848 Revolutions until the unification of Germany in 1870-71.

Professor Weiner begins the third section with a look at the time European power was at its zenith, from 1870-1914. This power was felt on economic, military, political, and diplomatic levels throughout the world.

The final segment of the course covers the developments in European diplomacy that led to World War I, as well as the war's dramatic impact.

As the course-and Europe-move closer to the catastrophe of World War I, Professor Weiner narrows the focus again. He presents several case studies of the great powers in the decades leading up to the conflict, including Great Britain, France, Germany, Italy, the Austro-Hungarian Empire, and, as he describes it, "the cauldron that was Russia, Turkey, and the Balkans. "

The Devastating Impact

World War I was punctuated by a series of battles of industrial slaughter, such as Verdun, the Somme, the Nivelle Offensive, and the final German thrusts in the West in the spring of 1918. More than nine million combatants perished, including more than half of the French men who were between the ages of 20 and 32 when the war began in 1914.

Concluding lectures examine not only the major events of the war but also the its impact on contemporaries and the following generation, and how it set the stage for World War II.

Although Lenin, Stalin, Mussolini, and Hitler were neither inevitable nor likely candidates for national leadership in prewar Europe, they were rooted in their national cultures, children of their age, and Dr. Weiner attempts to answer the question: What had gone wrong?

lectures
00. Professor Bio
01. The Long 19th Century
02. The Legacy of the Past-The Old Regime
03. The Age of Revolution, 1789-1848
04. The French Revolution
05. The Napoleonic Era, 1799-1815
06. The First Industrial Revolution, 1760-1850
07. The Era of Metternich, 1815-1848
08. The Revolutions of 1848
09. Europe, 1850-1871-An Overview
10. The Crimean War, 1853-1856
11. From Napoleon to Napoleon-France, 1815-1852
12. Napoleon III-An Evaluation
13. Italy on the Eve-An Overview
14. Cavour and Napoleon III- "Unifying" Italy
15. Germany on the Eve
16. Age of Bismarck-Creating the German Empire
17. The British Way
18. The Russian Experience, 1789-1881
19. The Apogee of Europe, 1870-1914
20. The Industrialization of Europe
21. The Socialist Response
22. The Longest Hatred-European Anti-Semitism
23. England, 1868-1914-Liberalism to Democracy
24. The Third Republic-France, 1870-1914
25. Bismarckian and Wilhelminian Germany
26. Flawed States-Austria-Hungary and Italy
27. Russia, Turkey, and the Balkans
28. Bismarck Dominates Europe, 1870-1890
29. The "New" Imperialism
30. The Diplomacy of Imperialism, 1890-1907
31. Europe in Crisis, 1908-1914-Outbreak of War
32. The Origins of World War I
33. The Great War-A Military Overview
34. The Home Front During Total War
35. The Impact of World War I-New World Disorder
36. Looking Back, Thinking Ahead

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TTC Video - Masterpieces of the Imaginative Mind - Literature's Most Fantastic Works
Duration: 24 lectures and 30 minutes | Year: 2010 | Language: English | Quality: DVDRip | Format: AVI | Video codec: DivX | Audio codec: MP3 | Video: 640x480 29.97fps 391kbps | Audio: 48kHz stereo 128Kbps | 4.35 GB
Genre: Literature​

Many of literature's greatest works, from ancient myths to the works of Nobel laureates, rely on fantasy. Even when there has been a dominant preference for realism, generation after generation of readers have been drawn to stories of the fantastic not only for what they help us learn about ourselves as individuals and about our collective selves but also for what they show about our social values.

What can fairy tales and science fiction stories reveal about the psyches of individuals and nations? How does the literature of the fantastic reflect historical periods and preoccupations?

Join Professor Eric S. Rabkin, one of the world's foremost authorities on the literature of the fantastic and science fiction, as he takes you on a journey to explore Masterpieces of the Imaginative Mind, Literature's Most Fantastic Works. You'll study strange tales of talking frogs and cannibal witches through Mary Shelley's Frankenstein to Arthur C. Clarke's astonishing 2001: A Space Odyssey and beyond. Focusing on the early 19th century to contemporary times, Professor Rabkin casts a wide net for fantastic works and delves deeply into some of the most astounding. You'll learn about the works and times of Edgar Allan Poe, Virginia Woolf, Lewis Carroll, Franz Kafka, Jules Verne, HG Wells, JRR Tolkien, Ray Bradbury, Robert A. Heinlein, Isaac Asimov, and more.

Once Upon a Time: The Lessons of Fairy Tales

In the early 19th century, two German brothers, Jakob and Wilhelm Grimm, sought to demonstrate the deep significance of German culture. In the process they collected oral tales, which they believed were handed down from prehistory. These fairy tales, including "Hansel and Gretel," "Rapunzel," and "Snow White," are certainly tales of the fantastic, but they also have profound lessons to teach. What they teach us, however, is not always classic morality. One tale ( "Rumpelstiltskin") shows that it is better to be beautiful than honest; another ( "The Little Tailor") demonstrates that you can lie your way up the social ladder from peasant to king. Others, such as "Cinderella," offer consolations, ways of symbolically moving through difficult transitions in life.

Fantastic Works of Literature

The imaginative minds of the 19th century did not leave the fantastic to ancient folk tales. ETA Hoffmann, for example, an energetic and creative German Romantic who died in 1822, created his own wildly fantastic tales. Both Tchaikovsky's Nutcracker ballet and the Offenbach opera Tales of Hoffmann are based on Hoffmann's tales. Hoffmann's stories even probe the psychology of fantasy itself and anticipate by a century Freud's theories of the power of the unconscious.

In the mid-19th century, writers such as Nathaniel Hawthorne and Edgar Allan Poe in the United States and Lewis Carroll in England explored their own notions of the fantastic and its powers on the reader. Hawthorne wrote fanciful stories about scientists who lose their way, often as a result of torturous love. The masterful Poe mixed fantastic situations and the torments of the human heart. Lewis Carroll's two Alice books are fantastic masterpieces, challenging our notions of language and reality.

Social Criticism and the Imaginative Mind

By the late 19th and early 20th centuries, imaginative minds were creating astonishing and bizarre worlds, weaving into the fabric of their narratives a significant strand of social criticism. HG Wells criticized Victorian sexual repression in The Invisible Man and imperialism in The Island of Dr. Moreau. Franz Kafka created fantastic tales, many of which were critical of society's institutions. Virginia Woolf wrote a novel Orlando critical of gender stereotyping in which a man lives from the 16th to the 20th century and emerges as a woman and mother.

View the Breadth of Modern Fantasy

Nor has fantasy literature slackened since the early 20th century. The famous French "New Novel" writer Alain Robbe-Grillet uses the fantastic to free readers from what he perceives as the unconscious constraint imposed by society and language. JRR Tolkien created whole fantasy worlds with their own geographies and languages. Children's literature - Prof. Rabkin devotes a lecture to it - has been especially fertile with fantasy. And Magical Realism has blossomed with important works such as Gabriel Garcia Marquez's One Hundred Years of Solitude and Laura Esquivel's Like Water for Chocolate.

The Most Important Fantastic Genre Today

Professor Rabkin next delves into science fiction, the genre that claims plausibility against a background of science, while weaving in high adventure and intellectual excitement. In this half of the course, Dr. Rabkin shows why science fiction should be regarded as the most important fantastic genre today.

Professor Rabkin posits Mary Shelley's Frankenstein as the first true science fiction novel. You'll hear the story about the origins of that novel-a challenge to write the best ghost story - and you'll examine how Frankenstein explores themes of the struggle between the individual and society as well as the destabilizing possibilities of new knowledge. Europe remained the center of science fiction with such writers as Jules Verne and HG Wells, but that was about to change.

The Golden Age of Science Fiction

Early in the 20th century, a popular blend of exciting tales and scientific speculation developed in the democratic milieu of pulp fiction magazines: Even Edgar Rice Burroughs, the creator of Tarzan, wrote of rousing adventures on Mars. Soon, however, pulp fiction gave way to longer treatments. The writers Ray Bradbury and Robert A. Heinlein, along with Isaac Asimov and Britain's Arthur C. Clarke, emerged as important voices after World War II and brought science fiction tales into the mainstream of serious literature. You'll discover how each of these important writers explored the wondrous and disturbing implications of science and technology, their stories raising profound questions about humanity, life, and the future.

What Does the Future Hold?

In Professor Rabkin's final lectures you'll learn about important and enduring links between science fiction and religion, and also between science fiction and utopian novels such as 1984 and Brave New World. You'll explore the works of outstanding science fiction writers today, including Ursula Le Guin, who writes of fabulous new worlds in her literature for children and in science fiction. You'll learn how William Gibson's Neuromancer introduced the words "matrix" and "cyberspace" into our language. You'll learn about Philip K. Dick, who wrote the novel that inspired the movie Blade Runner.

Recapture the Joy of Childhood and Learn about the Literature of the Fantastic

From talking frogs to human robots, from Mad Hatters to mad scientists, Professor Rabkin's course offers an illuminating journey through the world's most fantastic and imaginative literature. Discover the magic, wonder, and profound significance of that literature.

Contents
00. The Professor's Biography
01. The Brothers Grimm & Fairy Tale Psychology
02. Propp, Structure, and Cultural Identity
03. Hoffmann and the Theory of the Fantastic
04. Poe - Genres and Degrees of the Fantastic
05. Lewis Carroll - Puzzles, Language, & Audience
06. HG Wells - We Are All Talking Animals
07. Franz Kafka - Dashed Fantasies
08. Woolf - Fantastic Feminism & Periods of Art
09. Robbe-Grillet - Experimental Fiction & Myth
10. Tolkien & Mass Production of the Fantastic
11. Children's Literature and the Fantastic
12. Postmodernism and the Fantastic
13. Defining Science Fiction
14. Mary Shelley - Grandmother of Science Fiction
15. Hawthorne, Poe, and the Eden Complex
16. Jules Verne and the Robinsonade
17. Wells - Industrialization of the Fantastic
18. The History of Utopia
19. Science Fiction & Religion
20. Pulp Fiction, Bradbury, & the American Myth
21. Robert A. Heinlein - He Mapped the Future
22. Asimov and Clarke - Cousins ​​in Utopia
23. Ursula K. Le Guin - Transhuman Anthropologist
24. Cyberpunk, Postmodernism, and Beyond

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TTC VIDEO - Masterworks of American Art
Duration: 24 lectures of 30 minutes + introduction + credits | Year: 2009 | Quality: DVDRip | Format: AVI | Video codec: XviD | Audio codec: MP3 | Video: the XviD, 640x480, 4: 3, 762 kbps, 29,970 fps | Audio: MP3, 105 kbps (VBR), 48,0 kHz, 2 ch | Language: English | 4.62 GB
Genre: Art​

A nation's identity is expressed through its art. Great painters capture the essence of a culture's brightest hopes, deepest anxieties, and most profound aspirations. They provide an aesthetic road map to a nation's history, recording the lives of its citizens and reflecting the personality of an entire people.
But all too often, Americans themselves are unfamiliar with the great artistic legacy of their own country. Many of us study the great artists of Europe-Leonardo and Rubens, Degas and Monet-but neglect the remarkable painters of our own national tradition.

And yet the tradition of American art is filled with spectacular masterpieces that raise intriguing questions:

How did the founding of this new nation find expression in art?
Have our democratic ideals influenced the growth and development of American art?
Did artists in this nascent culture follow time-honored aesthetic models, or did they pioneer new styles to communicate their burgeoning sense of national pride?
Is there something uniquely "American" about American art?

These are the kinds of questions you explore in Masterworks of American Art. In this sweeping survey, you encounter the brilliant paintings of the homegrown masters who documented the birth of our nation from its colonial roots up to the brink of World War I and the birth of Modernism. As you examine this vital artistic tradition in its historical, cultural, and political contexts, you discover how appreciating the legacy of American art is crucial to fully understanding the story of our great nation.

A New Art for a New Nation

Your guide is Professor William Kloss. A noted scholar and art historian, Professor Kloss has taught more than 100 courses as an independent lecturer for the Smithsonian Institution's seminar and travel program. 24 Through engaging and informative lectures, he shares his deep passion for the art of this nation while offering remarkable insights into the relationship between America's history and its art.

What you discover is a revolution in art. Sometimes borrowing from European models, just as often departing from them, American artists pioneered new attitudes and styles to express the aspirations of a new nation.

Professor Kloss highlights this uniquely American approach to art, examining some of the greatest paintings of the tradition within the larger context of our country's history and culture. The result is a grand survey of the American experience, in which some of the most critical eras of this nation's history are viewed through the lens of great art:

The American Revolution: Great artists captured a new spirit of liberty through scenes of war and government. You examine key examples of their revolutionary approach to art, including The Death of General Wolfe, in which Benjamin West pioneered a new vision of democratic leadership by rendering the British general in contemporary dress.
The Civil War: You see how this tumultuous period of American history found expression on memorable canvases, such as James Hamilton's symbolic representation of the battered ship of state in Old Ironsides and Winslow Homer's vivid reenactment of skirmishes on the front, Inviting a Shot before Petersburg .
The Reconstruction: After the war, painters sought to create an image of the nation reunited, as in George PA Healy's portrait of The Peacemakers, while others reflected the readjustments of postwar life, as in Homer's A Visit from the Old Mistress.
The Westward Expansion: Great masters such as Albert Bierstadt, in his monumental canvas Valley of the Yosemite, recorded the natural splendors of a nation pushing westward, while Emanuel Gottlieb Leutze's allegorical mural Westward the Course of Empire Takes Its Way embodied the idea of ​​Manifest Destiny .

At the same time, you witness the rise of the great artistic institutions that fostered the development of the nation's arts, such as New York's Metropolitan Museum of Art, Boston's Museum of Fine Arts, and the Philadelphia Museum of Art.

Memorable Masterpieces

Along the way, you sample some of the finest works in the American tradition-memorable masterpieces that rival the great paintings of Europe. These masterworks represent a wide rich array of styles and subjects-from sweeping landscapes to intimate portraits to scenes of everyday life.

With Professor Kloss as your guide, you will appreciate the hallmark innovations and breathtaking artistry of American painting:

An emphasis on linearity and weightlessness in the earliest works of the American tradition-qualities that sprang from generations of self-trained artists who cultivated a unique, homegrown aesthetic
The remarkably lifelike trompe l'oeil paintings of William Hartnett and Charles Willson Peale, who created painstaking, dazzling reproductions of objects in real life
James McNeill Whistler's simple but striking use of shape, line, and a muted color palette, as seen in his famous portrait of his mother
The vivid portrayal of physical movement in art, as exemplified in remarkable compositions such as Thomas Eakins's The Biglin Brothers Racing.

With each example, you not only gain a sense of the larger trajectory of the American tradition in painting, but you also develop your appreciation of the artistry represented in each work. With his insightful comments on style, composition, and color, Professor Kloss offers an enlightening guide to appreciating virtually any great work of art.

The American Experience-on the Canvas

With Masterworks of American Art, you view these great works as part of an ever-developing story, in which master artists capture the portrait of a nation as it grows and changes. As you savor Professor Kloss's enlightening commentary, you also enjoy a feast for the eyes, as each painting is shown in rich, full-color reproductions worthy of these great masterpieces.

If you've already studied the great art of Europe, Masterworks of American Art is an essential complement to your studies, and if you're new to the world of painting, this course offers an enlivening introduction to this remarkable body of work.

Join Professor Kloss as he reveals the vital and vibrant tradition of American art, and witness the birth, growth, and development of our great nation as it was painted by some of the greatest artists the world has known.

lectures
00. Professor Bio
01. Art in the New World
02. 18th-Century Colonial Art
03. The Genius of Copley and CW Peale
04. A Revolution in Art (info)
05. Portraiture in Federal America
06. Early Historical and Landscape Painting
07. The 1820s-Art in the Era of Good Feelings
08. Thomas Cole and the American Landscape
09. Thomas Cole-The Late Years
10. Other Views, Other Visions
11. American Genre Painting
12. Native Americans and Westward Expansion
13. The Civil War in Art
14. The Glow of Peace
15. Art-The Mirror of Social Change
16. 1876-1893-The Civic Revival of the Nation
17. 1885-1900-Contrasts of Dark and Light
18. Americans Abroad-Expatriate Painters
19. Thomas Eakins-Innovation and Rejection
20. Thomas Eakins-Success and Scandal
21. The Last Years- "And Who Is Eakins?"
22. Winslow Homer in England and New England
23. Winslow Homer-The Last Years
24. Ourselves and Our Posterity
25. End Credits

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TTC VIDEO - Medical myths, lies and half-truths: That, we think, can take a toll on us
Duration: 24 lectures of 30 minutes + introduction | Year: 2010 | Language: English | Quality: DVDRip | Format: AVI | Video codec: XviD | Audio codec: MP3 | Video: the XviD, 640x480, 4: 3, 914 kbps, 29,970 fps | Audio: MP3, 128 kbps, 48,0 kHz, 2 ch | 5 GB
Genre: Elearning​

True or false: Eight glasses of water a day are mandatory for staying hydrated. Vitamin C protects you from catching a cold. Frequent snacking is the quickest way to bust your diet. Natural foods are always better for you.

You hear advice like this all the time. But what do these four nuggets of so-called medical wisdom have in common? They're all myths, half-truths, and misconceptions-pieces of information so familiar we take them for granted without truly considering the scientific truth behind them.

In today's information age, when supposedly accurate medical advice and diagnoses can be found online with the click of a computer mouse, medical myths are all around us. But much of this information is not true, and using it to make decisions about your own health-whether it's how to treat the symptoms of the common cold or how to care for a child or aging relative-can be harmful. Even deadly.

Because you are the one who's ultimately responsible for your own health, it's critical to understand the accuracy of medical information; to break down the growing body of misinformation and discover the truth about everyday health and well-being.

"You can not assume that what you've always heard must be true simply because many other people believe it and spread it around," notes Dr. Steven Novella of the Yale School of Medicine, a medical doctor who has built his career educating patients, the public, students, and professionals about the highest standards in medical science and practice. "You should challenge all of your beliefs and, wherever possible, try to rely upon a consensus of authority or primary sources in order to check out everything that you think you know to be true."

This is exactly the approach you'll take with Medical Myths, Lies, and Half-Truths: What We Think We Know May Be Hurting Us. Dr. Novella's 24 revealing lectures are an empowering learning experience that will give you evidence-based guidelines for good health, will enhance your ability to be better informed about common medical myths, and will strengthen your skills at assessing the scientific truth behind medical information and advice- whether you're having an important conversation with your doctor or taking a trip down the medicine aisle of your local ********.

Dispel Medical Myths with Authoritative Information

Popular and easily accessible sources such as websites, blogs, advocacy groups, marketing materials, and celebrity endorsements are where we often get quick medical information. But they're also the most unreliable sources. That's why Dr. Novella's course is an essential aid for any home-because the information in every single lecture is rooted in authoritative and reliable sources of fact and knowledge:

Physicians and other health-care professionals
Medical research and professional organizations like the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
University medical schools
Regulatory agencies like the Food and Drug Administration

After you get a solid foundation for what constitutes "good" information and how to look for it, Dr. Novella guides you through some of the most prevalent and enduring medical myths. And to help you filter through the deluge of advice out there, he's organized Medical Myths, Lies, and Half-Truths into three major sections that focus on specific aspects of health.

You Are What You Eat and Drink: So much of today's misinformation swirls around concepts related to dieting and nutrition. Here, you'll get pointed looks at proper hydration, the routine use of multivitamins, natural foods and probiotics, antioxidants, and more.
Fighting Diseases: Some diseases are merely inconvenient to our everyday life; others, however, can pose significant and lasting health risks. Which makes it all the more important to sort out truth from fiction regarding vaccines, vaccine safety, the supposed link between vaccination and autism, antibiotics, chronic diseases, and other subjects you learn about in this section.
Exploring the Alternatives: It seems as if there's a surplus of alternative medicines, remedies, and treatments designed to alleviate symptoms, prevent illness, or promote personal health. But which ones really work? Investigate the claims behind herbal medicines, homeopathy, acupuncture, and other alternatives that are not as worthwhile as they claim to be.

Dr. Novella also opens your eyes to myths about pregnancy, loss of consciousness, detoxification, and the placebo effect. In one lecture toward the end of the course, he even takes you on a brief tour of common medical myths from around the world to demonstrate that medical myths vary, but misinformation is universal.

Intriguing Medical Questions, Revealing Scientific Answers

At the heart of Medical Myths, Lies, and Half-Truths, of course, are the answers to questions that have long perplexed many of us. Much of the myths and misinformation we hear about sound true and seem to make sense. But do they really? Dr. Novella's answers, rooted in scientific knowledge and a wealth of medical research, may surprise you.

Here is just a small sample of the many myths you'll debunk in this intriguing course.

The more vitamins you take every day, the better. Many vitamins can cause dangerous toxicity if taken in high doses (a practice known as megadosing). Regular use of high doses of some vitamins can also increase the risk of disease. For example, Vitamin E supplementation has been shown to correlate with an increased risk of heart disease.
Soda causes hyperactivity in children. Despite common belief, there is no evidence to support a link between caffeinated beverages like soda and behavioral changes in children. In fact, because caffeine is a stimulant, it may improve attention in some children. However, high doses of caffeine can cause jitteriness, nervousness, and sleep difficulty.
You can never be too clean. Regular exposure to immune challenges actually keeps our immune systems healthy-something that can be compromised by overusing antibiotics or being overly hygienic. Recent medical studies show a possible association between decreased immune system exposure and certain diseases like asthma.
If you're pregnant and carrying your baby low, then it's a boy. Myths such as these are pure folklore and are often rooted in ancient gender stereotypes. The only two legitimate methods for determining the sex of your baby are through ultrasound (which looks for physical sexual characteristics) or amniocentesis (which looks at the baby's chromosomes).
Most of your body heat is lost through your head. This myth is based on the false notion that body heat rises. Heat is lost through the entire surface area of ​​your skin in several methods, including evaporation through sweat. If anything, your hands lose a disproportionate amount of heat due to their highly vascular nature.
Cracking your knuckles causes arthritis. A medical study published in the Journal of Manipulative and Physiological Therapeutics examined 300 knuckle crackers and found no increased risk of arthritis. It did, however, find grip weakness, which was probably caused by repeated stretching of the ligaments around the knuckle joints.

Save Yourself Time, Money, and Worry

A strong proponent of ethics in medicine and the accuracy of medical information, Dr. Novella is a veritable fountain of knowledge who will enhance your understanding of medical truths and instill in you the confidence to overcome the bewildering amount of bad information around you. As an academic neurologist at the Yale School of Medicine, he's built a career teaching doctors how to become good doctors.

And while it's always important to seek medical advice directly from your family physician, it is just as important to be your own doctor and to have the knowledge to make smart and savvy health decisions that can save you time, money, and-most of all -unnecessary worry. All of which you'll get with Medical Myths, Lies, and Half-Truths.

lectures
00. Professor Bio
01. Medical Knowledge versus Misinformation
02. Myths about Water and Hydration
03. Vitamin and Nutrition Myths
04. Dieting-Separating Myths from Facts
05. The Fallacy That Natural Is Always Better
06. Probiotics and Our Bacterial Friends
07. Sugar and Hyperactivity
08. Antioxidants-Hype versus Reality
09. The Common Cold
10. Vaccination Benefits-How Well Vaccines Work
11. Vaccination Risks-Real and Imagined
12. Antibiotics, Germs, and Hygiene
13. Vague Symptoms and Fuzzy Diagnoses
14. Herbalism and Herbal Medicines
15. Homeopathy-One Giant Myth
16. Facts about Toxins and Myths about Detox
17. Myths about Acupuncture's Past and Benefits
18. Myths about Magnets, Microwaves, Cell Phones
19. All about Hypnosis
20. Myths about Coma and Consciousness
21. What Placebos Can and Can not Do
22. Myths about Pregnancy
23. Medical Myths from around the World
24. Roundup-Decluttering Our Mental Closet

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TTC VIDEO - Medieval Heroines in History and Legend
Duration: 24 lectures of 30 minutes | Year: 2008 | Quality: DVDRip | Format: AVI | Video codec: XviD | Audio codec: MP3 | Video: the XviD, 640h432, 3: 2, 690 kbps, 29,970 fps | Audio: MP3, 128 kbps, 48,0 kHz, 2 ch | Language: English | 4.2 GB
Genre: History​

This course presents the lives, based on the latest scholarly interpretations, of four medieval women who still shimmer in the modern imagination: Heloise, the abbess and mistress of Abelard; the prophet Hildegard of Bingen; the legendary Queen Eleanor of Aquitaine; and the woman-warrior and saint, Joan of Arc.
In Medieval Heroines in History and Legend, Professor Bonnie Wheeler discusses these four remarkable women in the light of the present "golden age" of medieval scholarship. Almost daily, researchers are recovering lost information that corrects our picture of what had been a misunderstood era. As a result, we know more than ever about the roles women played in medieval life.

What did it mean to be a heroine in the medieval world? As the four subjects of this course make clear, it meant shaping and changing that world. In the monasteries and churches where people prayed, the universities where they wrote and thought, and even on the political map of Europe itself, these women made differences perceived not only in our time, but in theirs.

Women of Intellect, Words, and Passion

These lectures are an extraordinary opportunity to study great women of the past in their "own words." Professor Wheeler bases her discussions on recently discovered or recovered written records they left behind, from Hildegard's prodigious scholarship to the personal letters of Heloise and detailed transcripts of Joan of Arc's trial.

With these documents as a basis, you will see Heloise (1101-1163) as a forerunner of Europe's new day. Her letters passionately overflow with the new knowledge of her day. With her star-crossed love, Abelard, she invented a new mode of philosophic thought.

Only now are scholars recovering the long, important second half of the story of Heloise as a woman of power after Abelard's death. Her letters show her to be well versed on such topics as Cicero, classical philosophy, Latin poetry, and rhetoric.

She saw the institution of marriage in her day as little more than a commercial transaction, and its duties burdensome, noisy, costly, and dirty. Her letters reveal her desire to be Abelard's "meretrix" (prostitute) rather than his "imperatrix" (empress). In her discussions on Heloise, Professor Wheeler also covers the long debate as to whether Abelard and Heloise's letters to one another-the first, first-person record of a love affair in human history-are genuine or not.

Hildegard of Bingen (1098-1179), like Heloise a 12th-century abbess, is revealed as the last flowering of antique learning. She lived a dramatic life as a mystic, voluminous writer, and preacher. She was a personal advisor to Emperor Frederick Barbarossa, and her political involvement and passion as an advocate for clerical and imperial reform give her special interest in our day.

Only in the last generation have scholars rediscovered this amazing medieval intellect. Based on her letters, at least four popes and 10 archbishops corresponded with her, not to mention some 100 other individuals notable to history.

Among her many writings, her Book of Simple Medicine was an impressive mini-encyclopedia on what we today would call the natural sciences.

But Hildegard is also known as the "holy hypochondriac," subject to disabling migraines. Were her visions delusions, a result of brainstorms caused by chemical imbalances?

Women of Action and Legend

Eleanor of Aquitaine (1124-1204), Queen of France and then England, mother of at least 10 children, scandalized her contemporaries and has fascinated us ever since. She accompanied her husband, Louis VII, on the second Crusade, and her exploits are a reminder that women were crusaders-not merely camp followers-in numbers that rivaled those of men.

You will learn-based on as-yet-unpublished research by Professor Andrew Lewis-that Eleanor was probably born in 1124, not 1122 as normally thought. As a physically hearty woman of courage, she provides a way for historians to explore the diverse roles that women played in enabling or resisting the Crusades. This is exciting work that will allow us to understand medieval women outside the context of home and family as agents of sometimes-radical change.

Eleanor's life is so amazing that it is easy to see why she has become the staple of legends. Among those you will consider are whether she passionately adored, then fought endlessly with, her second husband, Henry II of England (all too true); whether she poisoned Henry's mistress, Rosamund (no proof); and whether she held "courts of love" to encourage and engage in amatory liaisons (again, unproven).

Joan of Arc (1412-1431) was the illiterate French peasant girl whom Mark Twain described as the "youngest person of either sex to lead her nation's army before the age of 19." Known as "La Pucelle" (the "maid" or "virgin"), she lacked any kind of military training, yet her military instincts seemed impeccable. Although she carried a sword in battle, she never used it to kill a man, and seems never to have become used to the sight of dead or dying men.

Was this young woman who heard heavenly "voices" an incomprehensible quirk, or did she change the course of European and world history? Ironically, this debate is complicated by the detailed transcripts of her trials, which make her one of the best-documented figures of pre-modern times.

Trial records and her letters reveal her as someone who spoke with compelling simplicity, quick wit, and piercing honesty. "This girl spoke terribly well," said Albert d'Ourches. "I would really like to have had so fine a daughter."

Professor Wheeler dismisses as myth the notions that Joan was actually of noble birth, or that she never fully developed physically as a woman. These lectures reveal Joan as perhaps most memorable for what she was not: a queen, a mother, a beauty, or an intellectual. Instead, she was a woman of action, and the kind of person who is often an enigma to modern intellectuals: someone of profound religious faith.

Appreciating how these four heroines have been understood and misunderstood will help you understand how history passes judgment on both women and the Middle Ages. The contemporary research upon which this course is based can move us beyond how women "ought" to have been to better knowledge, however precarious, about how women were.

lectures
01. Four Remarkable Medieval Women
02. The Revolutionary Twelfth Century
03. Prodigious Heloise
04. Abelard's Story of Abelard and Heloise
05. Heloise as Lover-Her Sublime Submission
06. Heloise, Adept Abbess and Mother
07. Heloise of the Imagination
08. Hildegard of Bingen, Sibyl of the Rhine
09. Hildegard, Holy Hypochondriac
10. Hildegard's Visionary Trilogy, Science and Letters
11. Wholly Hildegard
12. Eleanor's Lineage
13. Eleanor, Duchess of Aquitaine, Queen of France
14. Eleanor and the Politics of Estrangement
15. Eleanor, Duchess of Aquitaine, Queen of England
16. Eleanor the Dowager Queen
17. Legendary Eleanor
18. Joan of Arc and Her Times
19. Joan Discovers Her Mission and Her Dauphin
20. Joan the Warrior, Holy Berserker
21. Joan's Success and Captivity
22. Joan's Trial, Death, and Retrial
23. Joan of the Imagination
24. Four Pioneers

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TTC VIDEO - Passion: Philosophy and rationalitys emotions
Duration: 24 lectures of 30 minutes | Year: 2008 | Quality: DVDRip | Format: AVI | Video codec: XviD | Audio codec: MP3 | Video: XviD, 544h384, 1,417, 1,219 kbps, 29,970 fps | Audio: MP3, 128 kbps, 48,0 kHz, 2 ch | Language: English | 7.01 GB
Genre: Psychology​

Fear, joy, grief, love, hate, pride, shame. We all have emotions, and we recognize emotions in others. But do we really understand what emotions are and what they signify?

It is remarkable how often we are wrong about our own emotions and misread the emotions of others. We also deceive ourselves about their meaning. The more we puzzle over the nature of emotions, the deeper the mystery becomes. It is a mystery that is by no means solved, but one that repays careful, philosophical analysis.

Far from being routine, emotions are "the key to the meaning of life," says distinguished philosopher and author Robert C. Solomon, who in these 24 lectures takes you on a tour of his more than three-decade-long intellectual struggle to reach an understanding of these complex phenomena. Some of his conclusions are surprising and very much against the current of common sense.

Professor Solomon's lectures unfold as a rich dialogue with other philosophers, including Plato, Aristotle, the Stoics, Descartes, Adam Smith, Nietzsche, William James, Freud, Heidegger, and Sartre. He also relates these views to contemporary work in the cognitive sciences on emotions, notably research by Antonio Damasio, Joseph LeDoux, and Paul Ekman. And he discusses the portrayal of emotions in writers and artists including Homer, Shakespeare, Melville, Dostoevsky, and Picasso.

Emotions Have Intelligence

By probing the ideas of these and other thinkers and presenting his own views, Professor Solomon will lead you to a remarkable conclusion: Emotions have intelligence and provide personal strategies that are vitally important to our everyday lives of perceiving, evaluating, appraising, understanding, and acting in the world.

This idea runs counter to the widespread view that draws a sharp distinction between the emotional and the rational and views the emotions as inferior, disruptive, primitive, and even bestial forces. For Professor Solomon, many emotions are distinctively human and they are far more complicated than mere "feelings." They are rational judgments-sophisticated strategies for survival.

In exploring the multifaceted nature of emotions you will address questions such as:

How do we distinguish emotions from feelings, such as heartache?
What is the meaning of our emotions, and how do they serve to enrich and guide our lives?
Is there a determinable number of basic emotions that serve as building blocks for the range of emotions we experience?
Is an emotion such as jealousy a genetic trait shared by all humans-or is it something learned?
The Japanese have an emotion named amae, but it seems unknown to Westerners. To what extent do language and culture determine emotional experience?
Are emotions subconscious products of the mind, or are they under conscious control?

Philosopher at Work

One of the fascinating features of this course is that you get to witness a philosopher wrestling with the ideas of his predecessors-accepting, rejecting, refining their contributions, and modifying some of his own earlier views-in a demonstration of the intellectual honesty required to make progress in tackling a profound philosophical problem. He also ranges beyond philosophy to draw insights from psychology, sociology, neurology, history, and literature.

A multi-award-winning teacher at The University of Texas at Austin, Professor Solomon has written or edited more than 45 books, including The Passions, Not Passion's Slave, In Defense of Sentimentality, and About Love, as well as works on Existentialism, Nietzsche, Hegel, business ethics, and introductory philosophy.

In a review of Not Passion's Slave, he was singled out for being "at the heart of a revival of philosophical interest in the emotions" by The Times Literary Supplement, which noted his "energetic and provocative contributions to the field."

Professor Solomon had such a profound effect on one of his students at UT, the future film director Richard Linklater (best known for Before Sunrise and Before Sunset), that Linklater included a memorable extract of Professor Solomon lecturing on Existentialism in the acclaimed feature film Waking Life.

Professor Solomon has conducted three other highly popular Teaching Company courses: No Excuses: Existentialism and the Meaning of Life; Will to Power: The Philosophy of Friedrich Nietzsche (with Kathleen Higgins); and Great Minds of the Western Intellectual Tradition (selected lectures).

Wondrous Troublemakers

"I want to invite you to look at your own emotions as if they are something wondrous, mysterious, and exotic, something you've always taken for granted-even when they've gotten you in trouble," says Professor Solomon at the outset of this course, which he divides into three sections:

Passions, Love, and Violence: The Drama of the Emotions (Lectures 2-9). The course begins with eight lectures on specific emotions (anger, fear, love, compassion, pride, envy, vengeance, and grief) with insights into the complexity, importance, and roles emotions play in our lives.
Out of Touch with Our Feelings: Misunderstanding the Emotions (Lectures 10-17). These eight lectures examine how we misinterpret and fail to take responsibility for our emotions. For example, the innocent-sounding claim that emotions are feelings represents a fundamental misunderstanding of what emotions are about. Other misconceptions are the seemingly innocent assertion that emotions are "in the mind" and the idea that we are the victims or slaves of our passions.
How Our Passions Enrich Our Lives (Lectures 18-24). The concluding section takes a positive look at the richness and value of our emotions, probing what it is about them that make life worth living. Professor Solomon talks about laughter, music, and the roles that emotions play in different cultures.

Throughout the course, Professor Solomon returns again and again to his thesis that emotions have intelligence, an idea that has roots in Western philosophy tracing back to Aristotle. The notion of "emotional intelligence" gained notoriety through a 1990s bestseller by psychologist Daniel Goleman, but while Goleman and other popular writers on the subject primarily discuss learning how to control emotions, Professor Solomon digs deeper to reach the core of how emotions themselves contain intelligence -indeed many kinds of intelligence-and to explore the complex emotional repertoire that makes us uniquely human.

As you listen to these lectures, prepare to think: Think about your own emotions; think about what you observe in others; think about the enormous body of research and conjecture on this fascinating topic as Professor Solomon takes you on a challenging and stimulating journey.

"Emotions are our doing," he says. "An emotion is not just a product of evolution, but a product of cultivation and, sometimes, personal choice. If you look at your emotions and say, 'I will take responsibility for this because it is my doing,' sometimes you will be wrong; but in general, you will suddenly find that you've taken ownership of your life in a way that you had not before And it seems to me that is a very important philosophical lesson "..

lectures
01. Emotions as Engagements with the World
02. The Wrath of Achilles
03. It's Good to Be Afraid
04. Lessons of Love-Plato's Symposium
05. We Are Not Alone-Compassion and Empathy
06. Noble? or Deadly Sin? Pride and Shame
07. Nasty-Iago's Envy, Othello's Jealousy
08. Nastier-Resentment and Vengeance
09. A Death in the Family-The Logic of Grief
10. James and the Bear-Emotions and Feelings
11. Freud's Catharsis-the Hydraulic Model
12. Are Emotions "in" the Mind?
13. How Emotions Are Intelligent
14. Emotions as Judgments
15. Beyond Boohoo and Hooray
16. Emotions Are Rational
17. Emotions and Responsibility
18. Emotions in Ethics
19. Emotions and the Self
20. What Is Emotional Experience?
21. Emotions across Cultures-Universals
22. Emotions across Cultures-Differences
23. Laughter and Music
24. Happiness and Spirituality

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TTC VIDEO - Philosophy and Religion in the West
Duration: 32 lectures of 30 minutes | Year: 2008 | Quality: DVDRip | Format: AVI | Video codec: XviD | Audio codec: MP3 | Video: the XviD, 384h256, 3: 2, 517 kbps, 29,970 fps | Audio: MP3, 128 kbps, 48,0 kHz, 2 ch | Language: English | 4.65 GB
Genre: Philosophy of Religion​

Acclaimed humanities teacher Phillip Cary explores thousands of years of deep reflection and brilliant debate over the nature of God, the human self, and the world. It's a debate that serves as a vivid introduction to the rich and complex history shared by the West's central religious and philosophical traditions.

Whether you're a believer, a seeker, or both, you'll find much to spark your deepest ponderings in these talks on the long and rich interplay between faith and reason.

Different Systems of Thought Joined in a Search for Answers

Philosophy and religion ask many of the same questions:
What is the ultimate reality?
What can we know about it-or what should we believe about it?
How do our questions and thoughts, our hopes and fears, relate us to it?
Is this ultimate reality a person whom we meet, or an object that we contemplate?

These are questions no thoughtful person can evade.

They are enduring and perennial. And they are possessed of a history whose twists and turns have left their mark on almost every person on Earth.

To learn how these crucial issues have been discussed over the past three millennia is to enter the core of our intellectual heritage-to find the origin of some of our deepest perplexities and most cherished aspirations.

3,000 Years of Faith and Reason

A theologian who earned his doctorate in philosophy and religious studies at Yale, Professor Cary is now head of the philosophy program at Eastern University in St. David's, Pennsylvania.

He is the author of Augustine's Invention of the Inner Self, published by Oxford University Press, and the teacher of The Teaching Company's course Augustine: Philosopher and Saint.

Originally trained in both philosophy and English literature, he is the ideal companion on this journey to the heart of the spiritual adventure of the West.

It is a comprehensive journey-intellectually, philosophically, and spiritually-but one which requires no special background.

All you need to bring is your own curiosity as Professor Cary weaves any background concepts you need into the fabric of his 32 lectures.

By the end of this course, those insights will belong to you-and you gain a new or sharpened fluency in issues that include:
The historical interaction between philosophical traditions (such as Platonism) and religious traditions (such as Judaism and Christianity)
The philosophical origin of certain key religious concepts, such as the immortality of the soul, the Fall, and "going to heaven"
The attractiveness of ancient philosophy for Judaism and Christianity
The synthesis of philosophy and religion that characterized the "classical theism" of the medieval period
The significance of modernity for the history of Western religion
The most prominent philosophical criticisms of religion
The classic proofs that have been attempted of the existence of God
The reasons why many religious thinkers of the 20th century are suspicious of the alliances between philosophy and religion
The relationship of critical rationality and religious belief.

Witness the Origins of a Debate Still Underway

Under Professor Cary's guidance, you'll cover thousands of years of profound reflection and debate concerning the nature of God, the human self, and the world.

You begin your journey by exploring the roots of the philosophical tradition in ancient Greece, examining how Socrates, Plato, Aristotle, and the Neo-Platonist philosopher Plotinus dealt with issues concerning God, the soul, and the nature of the cosmos.

You continue along the path with the two great Western religious traditions, Judaism and Christianity, and follow its turnings to philosophers and theologians who are alive and writing today.

In keeping with his commitment to "critical objectivity," Professor Cary urges students not to take his word as final on a topic, but to think it through independently.

Learn to Trace Common Themes and Complex Influences

In this questing spirit, you'll probe the ideas of dozens of towering and diverse thinkers, tracing unifying themes throughout the works of writers who so often are thought to have little save brilliance in common.

These include not only Socrates and the prophets but also Plato, Aristotle, Plotinus, Origen, Augustine, Aquinas, Maimonides, Luther, Calvin, Descartes, Leibniz, Locke, Hume, Schleiermacher, Kant, Hegel, Kierkegaard, Nietzsche, Marx, Freud, Martin Buber, Karl Barth, and others.

And as Professor Cary takes you through their agreements and differences, you gain a precise and detailed grasp of how philosophy and religion-especially Judaism and Christianity, the leading spiritual traditions of the West-have long been intensely concerned with many of the same questions.

Surprising Interactions of Great Thinkers

This, as Professor Cary explains, has led them to interact in intricate and sometimes surprising ways:

You wonder along with him when he asks why the Platonic idea of ​​the immortality of the soul has come so largely to displace the scriptural doctrine of bodily resurrection in Christian belief.
You ponder the remarkable but little-noted influence of Thomas Aquinas, the greatest of the medieval Catholic thinkers, on Martin Luther, the founder of Protestantism.
You probe the links between Kierkegaard's call for a Christian "leap of faith" in the 19th century and the secular Existentialism of Martin Heidegger in the 20th.
You consider whether Jacques Derrida's much-discussed Postmodernism has roots in the concept of the "Other" framed by the Jewish thinker Emmanuel Levinas.

Again and again, as you explore the answers offered over so many centuries, you find yourself aided and encouraged to form your own conclusions about the great unfinished story of faith and reason.

And you see that it is a story that has always been close to the heart of our civilization, whether seen in its moments of glory or its times of anguish.

No matter which of the aforementioned categories you put yourself in-believer, seeker, or some combination of the two (if Professor Cary is right, they go together quite well) -this course is sure to enrich and inform your thinking to an unexpected degree .

lectures
01. Introduction-Philosophy and Religion as Traditions
02. Plato's Inquiries-The Gods and the Good
03. Plato's Spirituality-The Immortal Soul and the Other World
04. Aristotle and Plato-Cosmos, Contemplation, and Happiness
05. Plotinus-Neoplatonism and the Ultimate Unity of All
06. The Jewish Scriptures-Life With the God of Israel
07. Platonist Philosophy and Scriptural Religion
08. The New Testament-Life in Christ
09. Rabbinic Judaism-Israel and the Torah
10. Church Fathers-The Logos Made Flesh
11. The Development of Christian Platonism
12. Jewish Rationalism and Mysticism-Maimonides and Kabbalah
13. Classical Theism-Proofs and Attributes of God
14. Medieval Christian Theology-Nature and Grace
15. Late-Medieval Nominalism and Christian Mysticism
16. Protestantism-Problems of Grace
17. Descartes, Locke, and the Crisis of Modernity
18. Leibniz and Theodicy
19. Hume's Critique of Religion
20. Kant-Reason Limited to Experience
21. Kant-Morality as the Basis of Religion
22. Schleiermacher-Feeling as the Basis of Religion
23. Hegel-A Philosophical History of Religion
24. Marx and the Hermeneutics of Suspicion
25. Kierkegaard-Existentialism and the Leap of Faith
26. Nietzsche-Critic of Christian Morality
27. Neo-orthodoxy-The Subject and Object of Faith
28. Encountering the Biblical Other-Buber and Levinas
29. Process Philosophy-God in Time
30. Logical Empiricism and the Meaning of Religion
31. Reformed Epistemology and the Rationality of Belief
32. Conclusion-Philosophy and Religion Today

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TTC VIDEO - Philosophy as a Guide to Living
Duration: 24 lectures of 30 minutes + introduction | Year: 2008 | Quality: DVDRip | Format: AVI | Video codec: XviD | Audio codec: MP3 | Video: the XviD, 640h432, 3: 2, 526 kbps, 29,970 fps | Audio: MP3, 128 kbps, 48,0 kHz, 2 ch | Language: English | 3.5 GB
Genre: Philosophy​

Is there meaning in human life?
All of us have asked ourselves this question. But for philosophers through the ages, it was the first question of many, for they needed to know whether such a question was even answerable by philosophy. And if it was, they needed to ask whether any positive answer could be pursued through the practice of philosophy itself.

Today, these questions remain as timely and controversial as ever. But following the pathway of proposed answers on anything other than a level surface-no matter how fascinating we find the subject-can often be difficult for those untrained in philosophy and the profound rigor of its arguments and language.

Provocative, Accessible Lectures

What a delight, then, to be able to offer Professor Stephen A. Erickson's Philosophy as a Guide to Living-a thoughtful, stimulating, and most important, accessible discussion of how some of the greatest minds of the past three centuries have pondered why we are here and what journey we might be on.

It's a chance for you to take your own journey, as Professor Erickson guides you along the intellectual road traveled by post-Enlightenment thinkers such as Kant, Hegel, Schopenhauer, and other European philosophers. These ideas persist to the present day, as contemporary philosophers have taken up the intellectual route so irresistible to the likes of later intellectuals-Marx, Kierkegaard, Nietzsche, Freud, Heidegger, Sartre, Camus, Foucault, and Habermas.

Each one, says Professor Erickson, "speaks in important ways to the time in which we now find ourselves. They are concerned with exploring the limits of human reason and are focused on the likely course of history. These philosophers tend also to pay close attention to our lives in the world, enmeshed in culture and questing after significant opportunities for self-understanding and personal development. "

Most important, you can comprehend what each has to say equipped with your own intellect, curiosity, and fascination with the course's central question. Professor Erickson has designed a course that requires no prior background in philosophy and avoids the often-intimidating language in which serious philosophy can be expressed. And he has done so without diminishing the extraordinary intellectual depth that each of the philosophers included here bring to the debate.

Anyone who has ever studied philosophy at length will understand what a remarkable achievement this course is. From his first lecture, when he removes any threat of confusion about the "axial model of understanding" -one of the few technical terms used in these lectures-it is clear that this is a different kind of philosophy course. Professor Erickson clearly explains that the term is the basic model of understanding life that has dominated philosophical and religious thinking in the West for 3,000 years-the idea that life is a process or journey between two different orders: from darkness to light, from bondage to liberation, from experiencing the world's appearance to understanding its reality.

A Comfortable Approach to Theory

This clarity soon becomes evident as the norm of the course; it is the result of an award-winning teacher's relaxed and contemplative style, free of jargon, and favoring the concrete over the abstract. Professor Erickson is also skilled at weaving in quick summaries of what preceding philosophers had to say about the topic being covered, so it is always clear exactly where each new thinker fits in. The course is an ideal way to become comfortable with philosophical ideas. And it's an approach that brings to life the beliefs and arguments of these great thinkers, as well as the philosophers themselves.

Lecture by lecture, you'll encounter some of the inspirational minds that have helped humankind probe what is perhaps its most fundamental question, including:

Karl Marx, whose horror over working conditions in 19th-century England and contempt of the ways of the privileged would ultimately alter the political landscape of the world
Friedrich Nietzsche, whose own brand of Existentialism represented a dramatic detour from Kierkegaard's, and who left a lasting imprint on philosophical thought, even though he became hopelessly insane the last 11 years of his life
Sigmund Freud, whose impact on the field of psychology can not obscure the relevance his work has for philosophers grappling with questions about meaning and the foundations of self-knowledge

The avenues opened by these thinkers, and by all the minds explored in these lectures, do not, of course, explain the meaning of life. Or even if such a meaning exists. But they do take us further along a journey that will almost certainly never end.

lectures
00. Professor Bio
01. The Axial Model
02. Kant's Hopeful Program
03. The Kantian Legacy
04. Kant and the Romantic Reaction
05. Hegel on the Human Spirit
06. Hegel on State and Society
07. Hegel on Selfhood and Human Identity
08. Schopenhauer's Pessimism
09. Schopenhauer's Remedies
10. Alienation in Marx
11. Marx's Utopian Hope
12. Kierkegaard's Crises
13. Kierkegaard's Passion
14. Why God Died-Nietzsche's Claim
15. Nietzsche's Dream
16. Freud's Nightmare
17. Freud on Our Origins
18. Psychoanalytic Visions in and after Freud
19. Heidegger on the Meaning of Meaning
20. Heidegger on Technology's Threat
21. Heidegger's Politics and Legacy
22. The Human Situation-Sartre and Camus
23. Power and Reason-Foucault and Habermas
24. Today's Provocative Landscape-Thresholding

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TTC VIDEO - Plato's Republic
Duration: 24 lectures of 30 minutes + introduction | Year: 2008 | Quality: DVDRip | Format: AVI | Video codec: XviD | Audio codec: MP3 | Video: the XviD, 640h432, 3: 2, 543 kbps, 29,976 fps | Audio: MP3, 128 kbps, 48,0 kHz, 2 ch | Language: English | 3.7 GB
Genre: Philosophy​

It is the first work in the history of Western political philosophy and, arguably, the most influential-so influential that the entire European philosophical tradition has been described as being nothing more than a "series of footnotes" to its author.
Yet Plato's Republic, more than 2,000 years after its appearance, and in spite of the many provocative directions those footnotes have taken, still remains astonishingly relevant in its own right. It poses one question after another that might well have been drawn from the headlines and debates of our nation's recent history:

What sort of person should rule the state? Is it ever permissible for a ruler to lie to the citizens? Should women be given the same political opportunities as men? What is the role of education in politics?
Should citizens be allowed full freedom when it comes to sexual relationships and private property?
Are all citizens equal before the law?
Is censorship of music and literature ever justifiable?
Should everyone have equal access to health care?

And these questions, no matter how vital they may be on their own, are only intellectual stepping stones along the pathway of Plato's greater inquiry-the question of defining justice itself and the reasons why a man or woman would choose a life aligned with that virtue .

In Plato's Republic, Professor David Roochnik leads you through the brilliant dialogue Plato crafted both to define and examine the issues with which political philosophy still grapples.

Chapter by chapter-what the Republic presents as "books" -Professor Roochnik introduces you to Plato's literary recasting of his own great teacher, Socrates, and the dialogue through which Socrates and the Republic's other characters create the hypothetical ideal city. It is by dissecting life in this presumably just city-the "Republic" of Plato's title-that the nature of justice itself can be examined.
Explore Justice through the Socratic Method

Socrates presents question after question, refuting each in a manner that leads to still another question, as Socrates's-and Plato's-ideas about the nature of justice and the society necessary for justice's emergence gradually unfold.

Many of those ideas will startle contemporary readers, who may recognize in them the foreshadowing of some of humankind's darkest moments.

Plato, for instance, has Socrates present what has come to be known, notoriously, as the "noble lie," the assertion that human beings are not born of their parents but of the city itself. Moreover, those men and women are born into three predetermined social classes-with souls containing gold, silver, or bronze-that must never mingle.

Preserving that purity of class-very similar to a caste system-also means the careful supervision of reproduction. If a bronze-souled child, for example, is born to a gold-souled woman, it is taken away to be raised by citizens of like soul.

If this sounds suspiciously like what we have come to know as the eugenics once offered as a route to racial purity, making you uncomfortable and suggesting why some have called the Republic the "great-great-grandfather of all totalitarian experiments," then Professor Roochnik would be far from disappointed.

Indeed, that discomfort with one of the great names in philosophy-literary character or not-is something he believes is a very good thing.

"Socrates's proposals will cause readers to object. They will find, however, that even if they disagree with what Socrates recommends, developing arguments against his proposals is a most valuable exercise," he says.

"They will be forced to think through basic assumptions concerning politics. For example, almost all of us believe political freedom is a good thing, and that all citizens should be counted as equal before the law. But why? Plato will encourage us to defend our most cherished beliefs. "

Repeatedly, Plato puts those beliefs to the test.

Can You Defend Your Beliefs Against Plato?

Do you believe in freedom of the press and in an artist's right to set forth the ideals he or she believes in?

Socrates's ideal city is one in which cultural activity, because of its central role in forming the character of its citizens and developing the city's guardians and leaders, must be strictly censored and controlled. He notes that it is "imperative for the rulers of the city to supervise the makers of tales."

Do you believe there should be universal access to medical care, and that the infirm, or those with less to contribute to society, deserve to be treated?

In Socrates's ideal city-which he is constructing, remember, to examine the definition of and reason for justice-doctors exist to further the well-being of the city. If those who are less useful to the city, or no longer useful at all, must therefore go without care, even to the point of death, so be it.

lectures
00. Professor Bio
01. Plato's Life and Times
02. Book I-The Title and the Setting
03. Book I-Socrates versus Thrasymachus
04. Book II-The City-Soul Analogy
05. Books II and III-Censorship
06. Book III-The Noble Lie
07. Book III-Socrates's Medical Ethics
08. Book IV-Justice in the City and Soul
09. Book V-Feminism
10. Book V-Who Is the Philosopher?
11. Book VI-The Ship of State
12. Book VI-The Idea of ​​the Good
13. Book VI-The Divided Line
14. Book VII-The Parable of the Cave
15. Book VII-The Education of the Guardians
16. Book VIII-The Perfectly Just City Fails
17. Books VIII and IX-The Mistaken Regimes
18. Book VIII-Socrates's Critique of Democracy
19. Books VIII and IX-The Critique of Tyranny
20. Book IX-The Superiority of Justice
21. Book X-Philosophy versus Poetry
22. Book X-The Myth of Er
23. Summary and Overview
24. The Legacy of Plato's Republic

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TTC VIDEO - The Art of Conflict Management: Achieving solutions for living, working and then
Duration: 24 lectures of 30 minutes + introduction | Year: 2011 | Quality: DVDRip | Format: AVI | Video codec: XviD | Audio codec: MP3 | Video: the XviD, 640x480, 4: 3, 845 kbps, 29,970 fps | Audio: MP3, 128 kbps, 48,0 kHz, 2 ch | Language: English | 5.06 GB
Genre: Psychology​

Conflict is everywhere, something we all experience on a regular basis. Whether it is learning that your spouse has an entirely different kind of vacation in mind than you do or that your boss's idea of ​​your job differs from your own, conflict is simply an inevitable aspect of human relationships. As desirable as it might seem, there's just no way to live a conflict-free life.
Handled badly, conflict can do real harm, both to you and the people you care about the most. It can cripple your career and the businesses you work for. And it can leave its scars on your community and even your nation.

Handled well, however, conflict can be extraordinarily useful. If you have the skills needed to identify and resolve conflict, it can actually be your ally. It can help you identify and solve problems. And it can build deeper and stronger relationships, whether with your coworkers, supervisors and subordinates, or your closest friends and loved ones.

Most of us, though, have not been lucky enough to have been taught those vital skills or to have learned the ways in which factors like perspective, emotions, goals, and power can create or drive a conflict. For better or worse, we've had to pick things up as we went along, beginning in our homes or schoolyards and going on from there. All with uneven results that can play out for the rest of our lives, burdening us with a default conflict "style" that may be dysfunctional at best and seriously harmful at worst.

The Art of Conflict Management: Achieving Solutions for Life, Work, and Beyond is an opportunity for you to gain those essential skills. Its 24 lectures are brimming with practical tips, tools, and techniques everyone can use to better manage conflict in his or her professional and personal lives, which receive equal emphasis in the course.

Strategies and Tactics You Can Use Right Now

Presented by Professor Michael Dues of The University of Arizona-an award-winning teacher, writer, author, and successful consultant to both public and private organizations-these lectures will show you how to effectively deal with conflicts of all kinds, using the "win -win "model that has dominated the field for the past six decades.

You'll gain effective techniques for handling conflicts in your workplace, other organizational settings, or your personal life, whether you're dealing with supervisors, coworkers, acquaintances, close friends, or family members.
You'll learn the best ways to analyze conflicts and work through the steps toward resolving them, including clarifying goals, handling difficult emotions, and negotiating agreements.
And you'll grasp the fundamental tricks of the trade that experienced negotiators have long used to deal with even the most seemingly intractable moral and cultural conflicts.

While drawing on the latest groundbreaking research, Professor Dues has designed this course to be as practical as possible. Requiring no background in conflict management, negotiation, or psychology, the lectures offer you not just knowledge, but strategies and tactics you can put to work in your own life right now.

See the Best Conflict Management Techniques in Action

Best of all, you'll be able to see those strategies and tactics in action. Professor Dues has crafted 70 professionally acted dramatizations to illustrate different conflict situations at home and in the workplace.

Most of these situations will be familiar to all of us, undoubtedly echoing similar conflicts we've experienced in our own lives. And as you watch them unfold, you'll grasp far more than what works and what does not. You'll understand why.

Moreover, to ensure that you gain a true working feel for the dynamics at play in each of these situations, Professor Dues ends each lecture with a simple yet provocative "assignment."

He asks you to focus on events in your own life in which those same dynamics have been felt, and to then apply what you have just learned in evaluating your own statements and actions. There's no better way to get a real handle on a conflict you know well and to see immediately what needs to happen to resolve it.

Even something as simple as offering an apology, for example, takes on a whole new light after you learn the five components that must be included if an apology is to be truly accepted and effective. And while most of us probably believe we already know how to apologize, it's likely that many of our own apologies might not include all of these essentials:

A specific statement of the offending behavior
An acknowledgment that it was harmful
Our assumption of responsibility for both the behavior and the harm done
An admission of regret
Our commitment to not repeat the behavior

Discover New Realizations about the Conflicts in Life

Time after time, you're likely to catch yourself in a quick one-two punch of realization after Professor Dues makes a telling point, or after a pair of dramatizations illustrates the right and wrong way we can communicate during a conflict:

Realization No. 1: Well, of course. That makes sense. I probably knew that already. Quickly followed by ...

Realization No. 2: I do not think I actually said it that way the last time I was in that situation. Maybe that's why things did not work out as well as I had hoped.

The lectures abound with examples producing similar realizations. Professor Dues repeatedly reveals conversational pathways that make all the sense in the world, but that we might not necessarily take or even consider on our own. By folding these insights into the findings of six decades of research and presenting the material in easily digestible form, he succeeds in leaving you with knowledge that manages to be both eye-opening and intuitive.

That knowledge becomes a toolbox of techniques you can put to work today, not only preventing as many conflicts as possible but equipping you to manage in the best possible way the ones that do take place in spite of your best efforts.

One of the most remarkable points Professor Dues makes is how even the most seemingly intractable conflicts can be eased toward resolution by these techniques. His riveting descriptions of how they have been put to use on the world stage-including President Carter's creative eliciting of empathy during the Camp David negotiations between Israel and Egypt-offer profound examples of how powerful these techniques can be.

And while your own conflicts may not seem to rise to a similar scale, there is no mistaking the impact they can have on your own world, where your relationships-at work, with friends, or with family-define your success and happiness.

You do not have a choice about becoming involved in conflict. You do, however, have a choice about learning to manage it successfully and about using the invaluable tools this course can give you.

lectures
00. Professor Bio
01. Why Conflict Management Matters
02. The Adversary System
03. Morton Deutsch and the Concept of Win-Win
04. Perception, Perspective, and Punctuation
05. Managing Multiple and Conflicting Emotions
06. Multiple, Complex, and Changing Goals
07. Power-How Much We Need and How to Use It
08. Conflict Styles
09. Dysfunctional Conflict Strategies
10. Principled Negotiation
11. Preparing and Arranging to Negotiate
12. Negotiating Conflict Resolutions
13. Listening in Conflict
14. Dynamic Patterns in Close Relationships
15. Disruptions in Close Relationships
16. How Management Theories Affect Conflict
17. The Manager's Role in Dealing with Conflict
18. Getting Professional Help with Conflict
19. Helping Others Manage Conflict
20. Moral and Cultural Conflicts
21. Managing Moral Conflicts-Success Stories
22. Managing Conflict's Aftermath
23. Teaching Our Children about Conflict
24. Conflict Management-A Success in Progress

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TTC VIDEO - The Cathedral
Duration: 24 lectures of 30 minutes + introduction | Year: 2010 | Quality: DVDRip | Format: AVI | Video codec: XviD | Audio codec: MP3 | Video: the XviD, 640x480, 4: 3, 849 kbps, 29,970 fps | Audio: MP3, 128 kbps, 48,0 kHz, 2 ch | Language: English | 5 GB
Genre: Architecture​

To step inside a Gothic cathedral is to step inside the visual essence of the Christian faith-a world filled with vaulted ceilings that direct the visitor's gaze toward heaven, stone sculptures that bring to life both the blessings of salvation and the horrors of damnation, and stained glass windows that illustrate powerful religious stories in dazzling bursts of color.
Since the Christianization of Europe in the 4th century, cathedrals have served as

centers of ecclesiastical authority;
marvels of architectural genius and innovation;
places to instruct communities about cherished Christian values ​​and lessons, and
sites of political, cultural, intellectual, and economic importance.

Whether they're located in the heart of a major city or on the outskirts of a rural town, cathedrals possess a spiritual, artistic, and historical grandeur that deserves to be experienced and felt by Christians and non-Christians alike. But rather than traveling around the world to get just a cursory, ground-level glimpse of their greatness, bring these captivating buildings-in their entirety-right into your own home with The Cathedral.

In this course, noted medieval historian and award-winning Professor William R. Cook has crafted an exciting, immersive, and multidimensional experience that will bring you closer to cathedrals like Notre Dame in Paris and those in Amiens, Chartres, and Canterbury than any on -site tour could hope to do. These 24 lavishly illustrated lectures make use of high-definition 3-D modeling and imagery to not just show you the world's great Gothic cathedrals, but to take you around and inside them, revealing new perspectives you can not enjoy anywhere else.

Explore the Evolution of the Cathedral

Of all architectural styles, the Gothic style is the most successful, the most prevalent, the most iconic, and the most closely associated with these magnificent buildings. Picture a random cathedral in your mind, and what you conjure up undoubtedly bears some resemblance, in look and feel, to a Gothic cathedral.

And while you can find Gothic cathedrals throughout the world, there's no better place to witness their glory than in the cities and towns of France, as well as in other European countries, including Germany, Italy, and England. It's only in this part of the world that you can witness the birth and development of these architectural wonders-and the reason Professor Cook has made Europe's Gothic cathedrals the focus of his course.

As you follow the fascinating story of how the Gothic cathedral evolved, you'll get a keen look at each of the major stages of Gothic architecture.

Romanesque: The roots of Gothic cathedrals lie in the Romanesque style, a catchall term to describe a range of Roman-influenced styles that developed in the 11th and 12th centuries and that can be found in cathedrals such as Saint-Lazare in Autun, France.
Early Gothic: Early Gothic cathedrals, such as Notre Dame in Paris, blended traditional Romanesque elements with a new aesthetic that included experimental features such as large rose windows and six-part ribbed vaulted ceilings.
High Gothic: The Gothic style reached the apex of engineering and artistry with Chartres Cathedral, which features dramatically sculpted portals, facade towers, and the extensive use of flying buttresses for added support.
Late Gothic: During the 14th and 15th centuries, many cathedrals and churches were finished or remodeled in a more "flamboyant" decorative style, reflected in everything from stonework to sculpture to stained glass windows.
Neo-Gothic: There was a great revival in the 19th and 20th centuries that blended Gothic elements with more modern architectural styles. One of today's most famous neo-Gothic cathedrals is the Cathedral Church of Saint John the Divine in New York.

You'll also get a chance to find answers to a range of questions:

Who built the first cathedrals? Why? How?
What makes a cathedral Gothic and not something else?
What are the symbolic and structural purposes of vaulted ceilings, flying buttresses, archivolts, jamb statues, and other parts of a cathedral?
How are these buildings meant to be experienced by the people for whom they were originally built?

Tour the World's Greatest Cathedrals

The heart of The Cathedral lies in the sweeping tours of the buildings themselves. With the eye-popping technology featured in these lectures, you'll be able to travel from the deepest crypt to the tallest tower, viewing these buildings from angles and vantage points no tour can offer.

Here are some of the great Gothic cathedrals you'll explore in depth in these lectures.

Notre Dame in Paris: With its famous facade and its iconic status as one of the world's foremost cathedrals, Notre Dame has been remodeled more often than any other cathedral (most notably after the French Revolution). With an estimated length of 400 feet, the cathedral features an innovative double-aisled nave and soaring vaults that make it a breathtaking sight-despite its surprisingly dark interior.
Chartres Cathedral: Equally as important as Notre Dame in Paris, this cathedral set the architectural standard for French cathedrals built after the late 12th century. Professor Cook devotes three lectures to this impressive cathedral, providing you with fascinating looks at many aspects of its brilliance, including its basement crypt (the largest of any Gothic cathedral), its three richly sculpted portals, and its jaw-dropping windows (nearly all of which contain stained glass from the 12th and 13th centuries).
Amiens Cathedral: It's at Amiens Cathedral where one truly sees the full splendor and the limits of Gothic engineering and construction. Professor Cook's favorite cathedral, this cathedral was (rather unusually) built from west to east. As a result, the different ends of the cathedral offer you a true lesson in the development of the Gothic style.
Reims Cathedral: The cathedral at Reims is closely tied to the country's history, having served as the location for more than 800 years' worth of coronations and having survived German bombardment during World War I. One of the many aspects of this building you'll learn about are its more than 2,000 statues-some small, some terrifying, and some among the most important in all of medieval sculpture.

While you focus on these and other French cathedrals, you'll get a chance to visit those from other European countries as well, including York Cathedral, the Cathedral of Cologne, and the Cathedral of Siena. You'll also get glimpses of less familiar Gothic cathedrals outside of Europe, in countries like China, Mexico, and the United States. Among these: the Dominican Republic's Santo Domingo (the oldest cathedral in the New World) and Washington, DC's National Cathedral (which incorporates distinctive American elements into its decoration).

An Immersive, Insightful Learning Experience

Of course, it's one thing to learn about all these cathedrals, but to actually tour them all would be extremely expensive. Yet with its extensive 3-D tours, The Cathedral is the perfect and affordable way to visit and explore the world's great Gothic cathedrals-whether you simply want to take an armchair tour of these masterpieces, whether you want to prepare for cathedrals you may visit on an upcoming trip, or whether you just want to learn more about this sometimes mysterious, always intriguing art form.

Yet as dynamic as the visuals are, every single lecture is rooted in the detailed scholarship and fascinating insights of Professor Cook himself. A lifelong scholar of cathedrals, he's traveled the world to learn about these magnificent structures. And every lecture is a way for him to share, with the characteristic passion and engagement that have made him one of our most popular professors, his comprehensive knowledge of cathedrals: how they're built, how they've evolved, and what they mean to people both in the past and today.

So embark on an unforgettable experience with The Cathedral. Dynamic, comprehensive, and immersive, it's a Great Course that will finally illuminate these powerful buildings-their intricate structures, their hidden secrets, and their undeniable importance to art, faith, and history.

lectures
00. Professor Bio
01. What Is a Cathedral?
02. Early Christian Architecture
03. Romanesque-A New Monumental Style
04. Vaulting-A Look at Roofs
05. Romanesque at Its Best
06. Saint-Denis and the Beginning of Gothic Style
07. The Urban Context of Cathedrals
08. Notre Dame in Paris
09. Early Gothic Style-Laon
10. Chartres-The Building
11. Chartres-The Sculpture
12. Chartres-The Windows
13. Amiens-The Limits of Height
14. Amiens-The Facade
15. Reims-The Royal Cathedral
16. Cathedrals-Who Builds? Who Pays? How Long?
17. New Developments in Gothic France
18. Late Gothic Churches in France
19. Early Gothic Architecture in England
20. Decorated and Perpendicular English Gothic
21. Gothic Churches in the Holy Roman Empire
22. Gothic Churches in Italy
23. Gothic Styles in Iberia and the New World
24. Gothic Architecture in Today's World

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TTC VIDEO - The Historical Jesus
Duration: 24 lectures of 30 minutes | Year: 2008 | Quality: DVDRip | Format: AVI | Video codec: XviD | Audio codec: MP3 | Video: the XviD, 640x480, 4: 3, 624 kbps, 29,970 fps | Audio: MP3, 64 kbps, 24,0 kHz, 2 ch | English | 3.5 GB
Genre: History, Religion​

Who was Jesus of Nazareth? What was he like?
For more than 2,000 years, people and groups of varying convictions have pondered these questions and done their best to answer them.

The significance of the subject is apparent.

From the late Roman Empire all the way to our own time, no continuously existing institution or belief system has wielded as much influence as Christianity, no figure as much as Jesus.

Worshiped around the globe by more than a billion people today, he is undoubtedly the single most important figure in the story of Western civilization and one of the most significant in world history altogether.

A Wide Range of Opinion, Even among Scholars

Everyone who has even the faintest knowledge of Jesus has an opinion about him, says Professor Bart D. Ehrman, and these opinions vary widely.

Those differences are visible not only among laypeople but even among professional scholars who have devoted their lives to the task of reconstructing what the historical Jesus was probably like and what he most likely said and did.

You learn what the best historical evidence seems to indicate as you listen to lectures developed with no intention of affirming or denying any particular theological beliefs.

Professor Bart D. Ehrman-who created this course as a companion to his 24-lecture Teaching Company course on The New Testament-approaches the question from a purely historical perspective.

He explains why it has proven so difficult to know about this "Jesus of history." And he reveals the kinds of conclusions modern scholars have drawn about him.

The Principal Sources of Knowledge about Jesus

You open the course with a discussion of the four New Testament Gospels, which everyone agrees are our principal sources of knowledge about Jesus.

You learn that these books are not written as dispassionate histories for impartial observers and that their authors do not claim to have been eyewitnesses to the events they narrate.

Instead, they are writing several decades later, telling stories that they have heard-stories that have been in circulation for decades among the followers of Jesus.

The first step, then, is to determine what kinds of books the Gospels are and to ascertain how reliable their information about Jesus is.

The question will be: Apart from their value as religious documents of faith, what do the Gospels tell historians?

The Challenges Scholars Face

As you soon learn, the Gospels pose considerable challenges to scholars who want to know about the words and deeds of Jesus.

You begin exploring some of these difficulties by asking what sorts of documents the Gospels are:

Who wrote them, and why?
How do they present themselves?
Who was their intended audience?
What is their relationship to each other, to the rest of the New Testament, and to other early Christian writings?
What is their status as historical narratives?

To help answer these questions, you join Professor Ehrman in a careful consideration of other relevant sources.

These include the many writings-some unearthed only recently-that did not make it into the New Testament, but which nonetheless claim to relate the life and teachings of Jesus.

Learn about the "Lost Gospel of Q"

Among these is the much-discussed "lost Gospel of Q." You learn why scholars believe such a text existed and what they think might be in it.

You address how much documentary evidence about Jesus can be found in ancient Jewish and Roman sources, what those references tell us, and even how historians approach such sources to begin with once they have them in hand.

Professor Ehrman addresses questions including:

What are the criteria scholars use to sift and compare those sources?
How do they actually dig "behind" the surface of stories about Jesus to ascertain what he himself was most probably like?
What is the reasoning that supports each of these methods of testing evidence?

Once you've absorbed this introduction to the sources and the ways in which they are handled, Professor Ehrman moves ahead to consider the historical context of Jesus' life.

The assumption here is that historical understanding, to whatever extent possible, must begin by seeking to situate Jesus in the context of his own times.

Reconstructing Jesus' Life and Deeds

After surveying the political, social, and cultural history of 1st-century Palestine, you proceed to the second major part of the course, a scholarly reconstruction of Jesus' words and deeds in light of the best available historical methods and evidence.

In reconstructing those words and deeds, Professor Ehrman addresses several questions:

Why do the earliest sources at our disposal, including the Gospel of Mark, portray Jesus as a Jewish apocalypticist who anticipated that God was soon going to overthrow the forces of evil and establish his good Kingdom here on Earth?
How close is this portrayal to life?
Did Jesus proclaim a coming Kingdom?
How are his references to the coming of the "Son of Man" to be understood in light of the best historical analysis and evidence we can muster?

A Fateful Passover

How do Jesus' ethical teachings, his own activities, and the events of his final days fit into this analysis?
Why did Jesus go to Jerusalem at Passover and what did he plan to do once he got there?
What was the situation he found?
What were the intentions of those he met there, including the Roman procurator Pontius Pilate, the Temple hierarchy, and the other Jewish authorities?

Historical scholarship has something to teach about all of these questions, and the answers will help to further your understanding of the Jesus of history.

Professor Ehrman closes by considering how Jesus' followers began to speak and eventually write about him in light of their belief that God had raised him from the dead.

Here the focus shifts from the religion of Jesus to the religion aboutJesus, or in other words, from the search for the historical Jesus to the study of early Christianity.

That is a natural place at which to conclude this course, which forms an excellent accompaniment to Professor Ehrman's two-part lecture series on The New Testament and other Teaching Company courses on religion.

names of lectures
01. The Many Faces of Jesus
02. One Remarkable Life
03. Scholars Look at the Gospels
04. Fact and Fiction in the Gospels
05. The Birth of the Gospels
06. Some of the Other Gospels
07. The Coptic Gospel of Thomas
08. Other Sources
09. Historical Criteria-Getting Back to Jesus
10. More Historical Criteria
11. The Early Life of Jesus
12. Jesus in His Context
13. Jesus and Roman Rule
14. Jesus the Apocalyptic Prophet
15. The Apocalyptic Teachings of Jesus
16. Other Teachings of Jesus in their Apocalyptic Context
17. The Deeds of Jesus in their Apocalyptic Context
18. Still Other Words and Deeds of Jesus
19. The Controversies of Jesus
20. The Last Days of Jesus
21. The Last Hours of Jesus
22. The Death and Resurrection of Jesus
23. The Afterlife of Jesus
24. The Prophet of the New Millennium

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