Genre: eLearning Video / Medicine
Includes Companion DVD with 17 additional chapters. A British Medical Association Book Awards WINNER, Surgery category!
"Collectively, they have once again produced an excellent text that manages to cover the broad scope of emergency medicine while remaining an easily readable and practical resource....

Last, for the inevitable comparison of this current edition of Tintinalli's Emergency Medicine with other available emergency medicine textbooks available: in my opinion, Tintinalli's still comes out on top. It is more concise and easier to read than some, yet it covers the breadth of emergency medicine practice more comprehensively than others. The bottom line is that I like this book. Just as previous editions did, the seventh presents all of the most pertinent and up-to-date information in a well-organized format that is comprehensive yet easy to read. That and many of the attractive new features in this current edition will ensure its place on my bookshelf for years to come."-JAMA

With 418 contributors representing over 120 medical centers around the world, Tintinalli's Emergency Medicine is the most practical and clinically rigorous reference of its kind. It covers everything from prehospital care, disaster preparedness, and basic resuscitative techniques, to all the major diseases requiring emergency treatment, such as pulmonary emergencies, renal and GU disorders, and hemophilia. This authoritative, in-depth coverage makes this classic text indispensible not only in emergency departments, but also for residents and practitioners when studying or preparing for any exam they may face.

While continuing to provide the most current information for acute conditions, the Seventh Edition of Tintinalli's Emergency Medicine has been substantially revised and updated to cover all of the conditions for which patients seek emergency department care in a concise and easy-to-read-manner.

by Brij Bhushan Mishra
Publisher: Packt Publishing
Release Date: June 2016
ISBN: 9781785885945
Topics: ASP.NET

Accelerate your skills to build a RESTful Web API with ASP.NET Core.
-Develop a complete enterprise-level REST-based HTTP service from scratch using ASP.NET Core Web API with the latest standards
-Explore all the building blocks: Routing, Controllers, Content Negotiations, and security with advanced topics such as versioning, dependency injection, caching, and more
-Create robust and scalable APIs with best methods.

Revolutionary changes in the mobile world introduced various type of devices such as smart phones, tablets, and IoT devices, all connected to a network based on a HTTP protocol and HTML 5. This lead to a big push to build REST-based services that expose data over HTTP with content negotiation techniques that can be seamlessly consumed by various devices with different platforms. ASP.NET Web API is the primary framework for .NET developers to build REST-based services using the latest standards and serve the growing need to expose data.

This course takes you on a journey right from the basics and explains the building blocks of Web API through an example application. Starting off with the basics, we discuss REST Constraints when designing an API with a change in the ASP.NET Core framework. Then we explore building blocks such as Routing, URI Controllers, HTTP verbs, and implement REST through examples.

As we move on, we'll delve into some advanced key topics such as dependency injection, versioning, caching, and more to build a modular, testable and maintainable application. Then we consume the complete API using an MVC client and provide a quick overview of AngularJS Client.

Finally, we develop a Restful API using ASP.Net Core API. We wrap up with a few handy tips and best practices to make robust and scalable APIs. By the end of this course, you will have a thorough knowledge of Web API services and advanced features so you can easily get started.

by Daniel Chen
Publisher: Addison-Wesley Professional
Release Date: September 2016
ISBN: 9780134655284
Topics: Git

Git has emerged as the leading revision control system for open source projects. Git is a distributed revision control and source code management (SCM) system with an emphasis on speed.
Git Essentials LiveLessons teaches the skills necessary to version control with git. The first part of the course begins with the basics of Git and how to use it as an individual programmer. Part 1: Git Fundamentals covers installation and setup, fundamental commands, and how to use remote and branches in git using Github as the online hosting service to lay the foundation for more advanced workflows.

After the basics are covered, Part 2: Collaborating with Git shows how to work collaboratively with teams with git. Three common ways of collaboration are covered, including: adding other users to your project repository, forking a copy of repository and submitting changes for review, and finally using the git flow workflow.

The Old Testament, or Tanakh, was written in ancient Israel over 1,000 years by many authors. What can this book teach us about the ancient Israelites? What does our faith find in new scholarly understanding? As scripture or as the most influential piece of literature ever written, this book is a source of constant wonder, inspiration, and intrigue.

Show Full Description
It is cited on the floor of the Senate and from the bench in the courtroom. Contemporary politics is inextricably intertwined with it, from conflict in the Middle East to the claim by many in the United States that a return to "biblical values"is warranted.

The Bible influenced the Pilgrims to leave England in the 17th century; it inspired the founders of the new republic in the 18th; it roused both slave and abolitionist to seek a new Moses and sponsor a new Exodus in the 19th and the Jews to establish a homeland in the 20th.

It has meant more to more people than any other book in history. The influence of ancient Israel's religious and national literature is evident in everything from medieval mystery plays to modern novels, art, music, theater, film, and dance.

As Professor Amy-Jill Levine observes: "The Old Testament is endlessly fascinating because it offers everything to explore: myth, saga, and history; tragedy, comedy, and farce; economics and politics; literature and poetry of surpassing beauty; court intrigue and prophetic morality; heavenly miracles and sometimes heavenly silence; questions of theodicy; answers that satisfy and answers that may not; destruction and rebuilding; despair and hope."

Lively and Learned Commentary on the Old Testament

Professor Levine's commentary thoughtfully explores selected passages from the texts called the Old Testament, the Hebrew Bible, and the Tanakh. She provides clear examples of how various approaches to biblical research and interpretation can enrich your understanding of this inexhaustibly fruitful and powerful text.

Joseph Hough, the Dean of Union Theological Seminary, says Professor Levine is "the best classroom teacher I have seen in my 35 years in theological education, bar none."

Customers concur: "Levine is dynamic, exciting to listen to, and her knowledge of her subject is well organized and conveyed." "Wonderful course. Interestingly taught. Thought provoking, stimulating. Wow!"

A Conceptual Road Map to Biblical Studies
The Old Testament prophets' poetic calls for personal and social justice continue to urge people and nations to reform their lives, even as biblical wisdom literature challenges our views of God, and the Psalms enrich the prayer lives of millions.

Studded with genres ranging from myth and saga to law and proverb, from military history to love poetry, informed by world-views radically different from yet still fundamental to our own, the Old Testament tells a people's sacred story. It is a narrative of divine action in history that is holy writ to Jews, Christians, and Muslims alike.

Of course, 24 lectures cannot hope to cover the Old Testament in its entirety. The early parts of the Genesis narrative or the stories of Moses and David alone could easily occupy a whole course.

The method of the course is to discuss especially interesting or prominent passages from a cross-section of all the genres the Old Testament contains, using each passage as an example of how to apply a particular method of interpretation to the Bible.

Often Professor Levine uses representative figures or episodes as a highway into biblical meaning. Whether it's the story of Adam and Eve from Genesis, David and Bathsheba from II Samuel, or the apocalyptic imagery found in the book of Daniel, she brings biblical characters and passages to life and vividly reveals the magnificent artistry that suffuses the Old Testament.

Through these lectures, you will not only probe the content of the biblical books, but you will also explore debates over their meaning, the historical and cultural situations they reflect and address, and the critical methods by which they have been interpreted.

The lectures presuppose only the most general familiarity with biblical figures and themes-the Garden of Eden, Moses and the Exodus, the Ten Commandments, etc.-biblical literacy, sociologists have noted, is on the wane in the West.

Although students do not need to follow the lectures with an open Bible, reading the texts listed at the top of each of the outlines will enhance appreciation for the material.

Writings that Form the Spiritual Bedrock for Millions

Even if you know the Old Testament well, you will find it enlightening to hear Professor Levine discuss how it appears against the larger background of the ancient Near East as revealed by research in archaeology, cross-cultural studies, and comparative religion.

Even were one to argue that the text is divinely inspired or dictated by God, one might still want to know as much as possible about the particulars: Why these words? Why this order? Why this social context? Why this translation?

Although she focuses on historical and literary issues, Professor Levine also provides thoughtful reflections and useful information on the religious questions that arise from these sacred texts, and the lectures do not avoid raising issues of religious concern.

The goal of an academic course in biblical studies, she maintains, is not to undermine religious faith, but to use the best available knowledge and research to give believers richer insight into the writings that form their spiritual bedrock.

This DVD has a pod like design. You 2.0 is a short film, to keep things moving and interesting and not waste your time. It's designed to be something you can show to someone who knows nothing about life hacking, GTD, or any other weird terminology and they'll finally get it. And if you already know all about that stuff, you'll still get something out of it.

The rest of the DVD is extended interviews with both people in the film and not in the film. It's cut down into individual pods on different topics by each speaker. And the cool thing is you can sort the pods by speaker or category.

So say you watch the film, and then you want to know more about GTD. Well you can go to David Allen's interview and get much more in depth. Or you want to know more about the science and studies done on how we work. Gloria Mark, a professor of informatics, has you covered.

Here's a DVD outline:

* You 2.0 - A Documentary on Life Hacking
* Commentary Track
* David Allen - Getting Things Done
o On Getting Things Done
o 5 Stages of GTD
o GTD is not about GTD
o David Practicing GTD
o On Stress
o Image of a Hard Worker
* Tim Ferriss - The 4 Hour Work Week
o Information Overload and Selective Ignorance
o The 80/20 Rule
o New Rich
o Productivity
o Low Information Diet
* HackCollege - HackCollege.com
o College and Life Hacking
o Life Hacking in the Bedroom
o Creativity and Life Hacking
o Ethics of Life Hacking
* Merlin Mann - 43 Folders
o The Attraction of Life Hacks
o The Original Life Hacker
o Work Culture
o Creativity
* Gloria Mark - Professor of Informatics
o Problems for Modern Workers
o 21st Century Worker
o Technology
o Self Interruptions and Distractions
o Stress and Work
o Work Styles
o Consuming Media
o Communication Chains
o Invisible Work
o Email and Random Reinforcement
* Gina Trapani - Founding Editor of Lifehacker.com
o Gina's History with Life Hacking
o Image of a Productive Worker
o Purpose of Life Hacking
o Systems and Creativity
o Pen and Paper
o The Modern Worker
o The End Goal
* Ramit Sethi - I Will Teach You to be Rich
o Life Hacking Money
o Conscious Spending
o 'A La Carte' Hack
o Optimized Email

Geolocation continues to be a hot topic especially in the smartphone sector. You can do many wonderful things if you are able to track the location of a person.

It would be great if you could know whether your daughter has reached her school safely.
It would be useful if you could find the actual route to an unknown place.
It would be cool if you could locate a restaurant or a hospital in an unknown place.
Isn't it? All these are possible with geolocation. In today's competitive world, businesses try to improve their service making the best use of geolocation information. This in turn increases the demand for location aware applications.

The Course Structure is as follows:

We first look at the HTML5 geolocation API including how geolocation works and how to get location information for a point of time and also for a period of time. As you proceed with this course, you will learn how to use the following APIs along with HTML5 Geolocation API to make your applications really magical.

Google Maps API
Google Places API
Google Directions API
This course teaches you how to come up with really useful and unique location-aware applications (GPS- based applications) using HTML5 Geolocation API. You would develop 6 location-aware applications as part of this course that too from SCRATCH. The happy news is that you can use these applications while traveling (if you have a mobile device with GPS).

By the end of this course, you would have the following web applications developed from scratch.

Where Am I? that displays the location information in a text message and also in a map.
Weather Forecast that displays the local weather information to the user.
Distance Calculator that calculates the distance between the current location and specified destination
How to Reach? displays the route from the current location to the specified destination
Find Around Me displays nearby restaurants, ATMs etc to the user
Postcode Finder displays the postcode of the user and allows the user to get the postcode of the address entered
Store Locator displays different stores details in a map fetching details from the database
Each application is developed from SCRATCH which makes it easier even for beginners to follow. You will also get a list of application ideas that you can use to develop your own location-aware applications.

So, what are you waiting for?? Join this wonderful course NOW and let's get started !!!

Learn how to manage users, groups, and passwords in Office 365. This course fits into our extensive coverage of Office 365 administration and covers the objectives from the corresponding domain of the Office 365 exam 70-346, Managing Office 365 Identities and Requirements. Brian Culp shows how to configure password management, manage users and security groups, and use PowerShell to manage identities from the command line. This course is ideal for any network administrator working with Office 365 and will serve as a valuable prep course for administrators wishing to learn the skills necessary to prepare for the exam.

The development of the arts in Europe from the Middle Ages to the modern era is an astonishing record of cultural achievement, from the breathtaking architecture of Gothic cathedrals to the daring visual experiments of the Cubist painters.

Show Full Description
We all have our favorite artists, periods, or styles from this immensely rich tradition, but how many of us truly know the full sweep of European art? How many of us can connect the dots of influences and inspiration that link the Renaissance with Mannerism, or that tie the paintings of the creator of modern art, Edouard Manet, to masterpieces from centuries earlier?

A History of European Art is your gateway to this visually stunning story. In 48 beautifully illustrated lectures you will encounter all the landmarks you would expect to find in a comprehensive survey of Western art since the Middle Ages. Works such as Giotto's Arena Chapel, Van Eyck's Ghent Altarpiece, Leonardo's The Last Supper, Michelangelo's David, Vermeer's View of Delft, Van Gogh's The Starry Night, Picasso's Guernica, and hundreds more.

You will also find works that are completely new to you. Plus you'll be introduced to lesser-known artists-perhaps names you've heard but never connected to specific works-and you'll understand why they deserve to be classed among the great masters.

An Unrivalled Collection of Masterpieces

Your guide to this unrivalled collection of paintings, sculptures, architecture, drawings, and other media, created over a span of more than a thousand years, is Professor William Kloss, an independent art historian long connected with the seminar and tour programs of the Smithsonian Associates at the Smithsonian Institution.

Praised by Library Journal for his "perceptive 'readings'" of masterworks in his previous course for The Teaching Company, Great Artists of the Italian Renaissance, Professor Kloss once again gives intriguing insights into great works, including:

Mona Lisa: The famous smile in Leonardo's painting may be a pun on the sitter's married name, which means "joyous" in Italian. Renaissance ideals of decorum could also have influenced the expression. A 16th-century Italian writer suggested that a fashionable woman should smile "as if you were smiling secretly... not in an artificial manner, but as though unconsciously ... and accompanied by ... certain movements of the eyes."
Garden of Earthly Delights: Hieronymus Bosch's surreal triptych depicting scenes of the Garden of Eden, an earthly bacchanal, and Hell was probably painted for the private enjoyment of a nobleman, as a moralizing commentary on the relations between the sexes. It has been suggested that the work might have been commissioned on the occasion of a wedding. "One can only hope that it was a happy marriage," says Professor Kloss.
Sunday Afternoon on the Island of the Grande Jatte: Professor Kloss shows how this celebrated late 19th-century painting by Georges Seurat was influenced by the 15th-century works of Piero della Francesca, who was still relatively unknown in Seurat's day. Both artists imbue nearly immobile figures with stoic dignity and hints of otherworldliness. In fact, it is not just Piero but the entire monumental Italian tradition from Giotto to Masaccio to Piero that Seurat has revisited.

What You Will Learn

You begin by exploring the artistic riches of the Middle Ages, from the early architectural monuments of the Carolingian Empire to the massive cathedrals and exquisite sculpture of the French Gothic style. Then you move into the Renaissance by examining Giotto's approach to the illusionistic creation of space and tracing this accomplishment through the works of some of the greatest artists in history, from Masaccio and Donatello to the geniuses of the High Renaissance, including Leonardo, Michelangelo, Raphael, Bellini, and Titian. You also study the magnificent architecture of the period, and you address the Renaissance in the north through the art of Jan van Eyck, Dürer, Bosch, and Bruegel, among others.

Next, you investigate the evolution of Baroque style in the works of Caravaggio and the Bolognese Carracci family. You focus in particular on the Baroque sculptor and architect Gian Lorenzo Bernini. You continue beyond Italy to Velázquez in Spain, to Rubens and Rembrandt in the Netherlands, and to Versailles and the court of Louis XIV in France. Then you cover reactions to the Baroque in the Rococo style of Watteau, Boucher, and Fragonard.

In the last section of the course, you examine the beginnings of modern European art with the work of David, which defined the Neoclassical style. Then you explore the paintings of the great Romantic artists Goya, Géricault, and Delacroix. These styles gave way to the Realism of Courbet and Manet, which in turn, led to the Impressionist achievements of Degas and Monet. You study the reactions to Impressionism in the work of Gauguin, Van Gogh, and Seurat, and trace the influential contributions of Cézanne and Rodin. You conclude with a consideration of the early movements of the 20th century, including Fauvism, Cubism, German Expressionism, Dada, and Surrealism, and the pivotal role of the two towering geniuses of early modern art, Picasso and Matisse.

A Guide to Looking

Professor Kloss wants you to learn to see deeply into a work of art. To achieve this goal, he has designed the course to be more than a recitation of masterpieces and their makers, dates, materials, and history. He has created a guide to looking-an engaging demonstration of how you can view art with understanding and pleasure.

How should you look at art? Professor Kloss recommends that you focus on five elements:

Subject: Every work of art has a subject. Very often this is the story that the work tells, as in Titian's great painting Bacchus and Ariadne, which plunges the viewer into a joyous love story drawn from ancient mythology. One can simply revel in the physical beauty of such a work, but a much richer experience is available if one takes the trouble to understand what it is about.
Interpretation: The way a subject is expressed in art is the artist's interpretation. Professor Kloss explores this theme by looking at three different versions of St. Matthew writing his gospel: one by an unknown artist from the 9th century, and two radically different interpretations by Caravaggio, painted in the 17th century. Caravaggio had to do a second version because his client was offended by the first!
Style: The artistic means of interpretation is the artist's style. This distinction is evident in a comparison between Rogier van der Weyden's Deposition from the 15th century and Rubens's treatment of the same subject in the 17th century. Both paintings depict the lowering of the dead Christ from the cross, but in markedly different styles with respect to setting, arrangement of figures, treatment of space, color, and so forth.
Context: The context can be related to a personal moment, to contemporary political events, to a historical period, or to a long-term cultural influence. An appreciation of the great palace at Versailles, for example, requires an understanding of the context from which it emerged-namely, the opulent, absolute monarchy of the "Sun King," Louis XIV.
Emotion: Emotion is a major factor both in the artist's creation of a work and in the viewer's response to it. These are not necessarily the same emotion, but sometimes they coincide in a magical way, as in Renoir's festive Luncheon of the Boating Party, which evokes a pleasure that comes from Renoir's joy in the scene and his artistic mastery that convinces us that we, too, are included in this long-ago gathering of friends.

Above all, you must give a work of art time. Savor it. Study it. Try to see it with fresh eyes. You will learn more than you imagine. Professor Kloss's gift for pulling you into an artistic work to show you what makes it function at different levels will make you want to give this course more of your own time through repeated viewings. And you will find yourself looking at all art with new appreciation.

Want to run Linux and get started right away? This course will teach you what you need to know.

This is your Linux 1 course inspired by all the good hackers on the Internet. You will learn everything you need to know in order to understand the operating system, do most of what you want to do with the command line, and be ready to learn more advanced techniques.If you think to learn Linux will be too hard, or you're just not sure where to start with Linux, don't worry, I've made this course simple and easy to learn. Once you're done with Learn Linux: Become An Unix Master you will definitely have the knowledge and confidence to do any foundation command!

You will know how to setup your own Apache web server, and how to change your system's configuration (even if you need to find what you're looking for) as just a couple of the many examples of things you will be able to do once you learn these foundation commands.is right to the point, and not full of filler content, giving you the information you need to get things done now. This course is broken up into multiple sections allowing you to sit down and learn part of the course or be fluent with Linux right away!

If you are a computer enthusiast like myself, or you just want to know how to do the things you want to do using the command line, then you need to learn Linux from this course. I'm offering you the fastest way for a savvy computer user to get up to speed into what you need and want to do in Linux.Don't keep waiting around wishing you knew Linux. Buy this course now, and start doing all the things you've dreamed about doing in Linux today!

Once purchased, you will have life time access to contents and course updates, which will be updated according to student feedback and needs. Ask questions within the course for any clarifications or new requested information to be recorded and added to the course.

Let couture designer Kenneth D. King show you how to sew a timeless tailored coat as beautiful on the inside as it is on the outside.

Create a classic fly-front coat by combining secrets of old-world tailoring with couture designer Kenneth D. King's own innovative techniques. Sew luxurious seam finishes, shape the perfect collar, install jacket sleeves and shoulder pads and finish the coat with hand-sewing techniques used by the masters. This class includes a free Vogue pattern. The Carefree Fly-Front Coat is the perfect introduction to tailoring, taught step-by-step by one of the most respected teachers and designers in the sewing world.

Contents:

Flyfront Coat 01 - Meet Kenneth D. King & Get Started
Flyfront Coat 02 - Drafting the Details
Flyfront Coat 03 - Front Facing, Lining & Binding
Flyfront Coat 04 - Preparing the Sleeves
Flyfront Coat 05 - Constructing the Collar
Flyfront Coat 06 - Body & Inseam Pockets
Flyfront Coat 07 - Adding the Fly Front
Flyfront Coat 08 - Pressing, Buttonholes & Hem
Flyfront Coat 09 - Sleeves & Shoulder Pads
Flyfront Coat 10 - Finishing

by Eric Adams
Publisher: Packt Publishing
Release Date: April 2016
ISBN: 9781783988518
Topics: JavaScript

A comprehensive guide to fast and efficient functional JavaScript Web Development with Lo-Dash 4.0
Deploy your application ready for production using minification
Build a reusable base view framework using Lodash for future application development
Create build tasks for your JavaScript applications that use Lodash modules

Lodash was built to simplify JavaScript application development. It contains hundreds of methods built for the purpose of providing developers with a fast, reliable, cross-browser toolkit to write applications. With Lodash, you can eliminate rewriting boilerplate code and focus on developing the features your users want.

This course takes you through the process of setting up, building, and scripting the deployment of a JavaScript application built using Lodash. Each section explores a new Lodash API, and employs methods within to build new application features.

First, we cover the origins of Lodash and how it has become an indispensable tool for JavaScript developers. We will also install our application and its dependencies. Then we'll build out the features of an application to explore, create, and tag recipes. This includes building both an API in Node.JS and a client-side application using Lodash.

At the end, we'll write a script to minify our application for deployment, and look at alternate deployment methods using Lodash CLI.This course will provide you with practical uses of Lodash in JavaScript development that you can apply in future applications. By the end of the book, you'll know the principles of building structured and modular applications using Lodash.

Why has science so dramatically altered how we live and how we think about ourselves? What is the greatest scientific idea of all time? According to Professor Steven L. Goldman,

one is tempted to speak of scientific discoveries as the source of science's power to be a driver of social change-that scientists have been discovering new truths about nature, and that the change follows from that. But I argue that it is scientific ideas that are responsible for this change. Ideas are the source of science's power-not discoveries."

And what is the greatest scientific idea of all? For Professor Goldman, that is surely the very idea of science, for as he puts it, "The idea of science itself is an idea that had to be invented."

In Great Scientific Ideas That Changed the World, you will explore ideas that-when society has been willing to pursue them-have helped form the foundation of modern life. You'll interpret the term "scientific idea" broadly, so as to include ideas that made science possible at all, as well as ideas that make science immensely powerful.

You will discover there is no sharp distinction between ideas that are classified as scientific and those that are classified as philosophical or mathematical, or even between scientific ideas and political, religious, or aesthetic ideas. Alfred North Whitehead, for example, famously linked the emergence of modern science in the Christian West to the belief in a single, law-observing Creator of the universe.

The New Dot-Com World

New ideas affect society in unpredictable ways. A perfect example is the evolution of the Internet from a modest U.S. Department of Defense-funded computer network project to a global technology that has transformed commerce, industry, politics, warfare, communication, education, entertainment, and research. We are still unfolding the unexpected and sometimes disturbing consequences of a few innovative ideas that enable computers in different locations to share information in real time, ideas that underlie the Internet's astonishing capabilities.

What we do know is that science has changed our lives-but how it does so, and why it is able to do so, tells us as much about ourselves as it does about science.

Moreover, as unpredictable as science may be, Professor Goldman argues that for 200 years now the interaction of science and technology with society has been the primary driver of social and cultural change, first in the West, then globally, and at an accelerating rate. During this period, social and personal values and relationships; social, political, and economic institutions; and cultural values and activities have changed and continue to change almost beyond anything our great-grandparents (or sometimes even parents) would recognize. What has transformed entire ways of life that had previously been entrenched for centuries or millennia?

There are objects, of course-the telephone, automobile, airplane, television, computer-that appear to be causes of social change. But identifying these artifacts does not reach down to the causes of innovation itself, nor does it expose those features of the sociocultural infrastructure that enable innovations to become causes of social change. Artifacts, in spite of their high visibility, are symptoms of causes at work; they are not themselves causes.

Learn How Society Affects Ideas

It is not only television, the automobile, or the Internet that have changed society. Instead, forces at work in society have caused television and automobiles and the Internet to take on the changing forms they take. One of these forces is ideas-new scientific ideas, originating in the past and subsequently internalized by society. These ideas have shaped both our social and cultural affairs and the lines along which society is most open to change.

For instance, the notion that there are laws of nature seems to reflect a political idea. There can be no doubt that mathematical and aesthetic ideas were central to the 17th-century Scientific Revolution. Furthermore, distinguishing science and technology is fuzzy, too-especially since the late 19th century, when scientific knowledge and technological innovation began to be coupled systematically in industrial, academic, and government research laboratories.

Each of Professor Goldman's 36 lectures highlights in a provocative way a single idea or development critical to the development of science in the West. The lectures are broadly chronological, beginning with prescientific know-how and the invention of writing, and advancing through modern times all the way to the development of chaos theory. In each lecture, Professor Goldman looks at not only the content of an idea that is fundamental for science, but also how that idea arose and what its impact has been throughout the centuries.

In the first third of the course, Professor Goldman engages in a sort of "reverse engineering" of what we mean by science today, identifying the origins of features that now seem essential for the existence of modern science.

Lecture 1 begins by looking back at the already impressive prescientific skills and know-how humans had achieved by the 4th century B.C.E., and Lecture 2 discusses the invention of writing and the spread of writing systems and texts from 3500 B.C.E. to the beginning of Classical antiquity.

Who Invented Ideas?

The invention of writing may not seem a scientific idea at all. Yet there is a profound assumption underlying the invention of writing, whose controversial implications are reflected in Socrates's argument against writing, as recounted in Plato's dialogue Phaedrus. Writing is also a technology and serves as a shining example of how technologies embody ideas, even though we tend to ignore the ideas when our attention dwells only on what the technologies do, how they do it, or what the consequences have been.

Between 500 B.C.E. and 300 B.C.E., Greek philosophers developed highly specific concepts of knowledge, reason, truth, nature, mathematics, logic, knowledge of nature, and the use of mathematics to describe nature-all in ways that continue to inform the practice of science to the present day. Lectures 3-5 are devoted to these ideas and their legacies.

Lecture 6 discusses the first appearance in Western history, perhaps in world history, of the idea of techno-science-technology derived from theoretical knowledge rather than from practical know-how. This was largely a Greek idea that was applied in the context of the rising Roman Empire, and the lecture describes selected Roman-era technologies that influenced modern science and engineering.

Lectures 7-11 explore a set of interrelated developments that together constitute a bridge between the ancient and early modern eras:

The idea of the university and its role as a progenitor of modern science
Medieval machinery and Europe's first Industrial Revolution
The Renaissance ideas of progress, the printed book, and mathematics as the language of nature.

All of these ideas are fundamental for science as we know it, and they are also fundamental for the rise of engineering and technological innovation.

Lecture 12 discusses Copernicus's idea of a moving Earth, the cultural consequences of that idea, and its subsequent evolution into an astronomical theory. Copernicus himself was wrong about a great deal-for example, planets move in orbits that are elliptical, not circular-but his idea helped clear the way for the foundational ideas of modern science that you'll explore in Lectures 13-17. Among these are the idea of method, mathematical ideas such as algebra and calculus, ideas of conservation and symmetry, the creation of instruments that extend the mind and not only our senses. All together, these ideas created a new conception of knowledge of nature.

Lectures 18-28 explore 19th-century scientific ideas of immense social, cultural, intellectual, as well as scientific, influence:

Time is an active dimension of reality and not merely a passive measure of change.
A chemical atom is an expression of a generic idea of fundamental units with fixed properties out of which nature is composed.
The cell theory of life, the germ theory of disease, and the gene theory of inheritance, can all been seen as conceptually allied to the atom idea-to the powerful notion that natural phenomena can be analyzed in terms of fundamental building blocks.
Energy, immaterial force fields, and relationships offer a contrasting, yet equally powerful, conception of processes as the most elementary features of nature.
Science can be allied systematically with technology-knowing with doing-to synthesize a new world.
Evolution epitomizes a process-oriented approach to science and can be extended from biology to scientific thinking generally.
Natural phenomena have a fundamentally probabilistic and statistical character.
New social institutions can play a pivotal role in science's ability to transform the world.

Lectures 29-35 discuss increasingly sophisticated scientific ideas of the 20th century, including relativity, quantum theory, the expanding universe, computer science, information theory, molecular biology; as well as the idea of systems, especially chaotic systems and self-organizing systems, plus the related ideas of ecology.

Lecture 36 concludes by reviewing today's ideas about science and technology in upcoming fields such as cognitive neuroscience, bio- and nanotechnology, and physicists' search for a Theory of Everything, and considers ideas, and their likely roles as motivators of future change.